CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

clay    →   glina

Clay is a fine-grained deposit consisting chiefly of clay minerals. it is characteristically plastic, virtually impermeable when wet, and crakcs when it dries out.

cement    →   cement

Cement is any various substances used for bonding or setting to a hard material. Portland cement is a mixture of calcium silicates and aluminates made by heating limestone (CaCO₃) with clay (containing aluminosilicates) in a kiln. The product is ground to a fine powder. When mixed with water it settles in a few hours and then hardens over a longer period of time due to the formation of hydrated aluminates and silicates.

Daniell cell    →   Daniellov članak

In 1836 the British chemist John Frederic Daniell (1790-1845) proposed an improved electric cell that supplied an even current during continuous operation. Daniell cell consisted of a glass jar containing copper and zinc electrodes, each immersed in their respective acidic sulphate solutions. The two solutions were separated by a porous clay cylinder separator. It was a galvanic cell in which the spontaneous electrodissolution of zinc and electroplating of copper provided the electrical current.

kaoline    →   kaolin

Kaoline is fine, usually white clay, formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals, used in ceramics.

marl    →   lapor

Marl is a grey or yellow natural mixture of clay and lime in different proportions. It is also used as a raw material in the production of cement.

porcelain    →   porculan

Porcelain is a white and firm ceramic product obtained by baking a mixture of kaolin, quartz and feldspar and by varnishing. From porcelain decorative objects, dishes and insulating materials in electronics can be manufactured.

desiccant dryers    →   sredstva za sušenje

Desiccant dryers (air dryers) use nonconsumable chemicals such as silica gel or active alumina, and can remove almost all the moisture from compressed air by adsorbing moisture on its surface. The method of regeneration, the process of removing adsorbed water from the desiccant, is the primary distinguishing feature among the various types of desiccant dryers. There are three ways to regenerate a desiccant: with air, internal or external heaters, or a heat pump.

graphite    →   grafit

Graphite is an allotrope of carbon. The atoms are arranged in layers as a series of flat, hexagonal rings. Graphite is a good conductor of heat and electricity. The layers cleave easily, making graphite useful as a solid lubricant. A process to make pure synthetic graphite was invented by the American chemist Edward Goodrich Acheson (1856–1931). The process consists of heating a mixture of clay (aluminum silicate) and powdered coke (carbon) in an iron bowl. The reaction involves the production of silicon carbide, which loses silicon at 4150 °C to leave graphite.

sedimentary rocks    →   sedimentne stijene

Sedimentary Rocks are formed by the accumulation and subsequent consolidation of sediments into various types of rock. There are three major types of sedimentary rocks:

Biogenic sedimentary rocks are formed from organic processes when organisms use materials dissolved in water to build a shell or other skeletal structure.

Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed directly of the sediments or fragments from other rocks.

Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed through evaporation of a chemical rich solution.

Based on their sizes, sediment particles are classified, based on their size, into six general categories:

• boulder (>256 mm)
• cobble (64 - 256 mm)
• gravel (2 - 64 mm)
• sand (1/16 - 2 mm)
• silt (1/256 - 1/16 mm)
• clay (<1/256 mm)