CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

Beer’s law    →   Beerov zakon

Beer’s law (or Beer-Lambert law) is the functional relationship between the quantity measured in an absorption method (A) and the quantity sought, the analyte concentration (c). As a consequence of interactions between the photons and absorbing particles, the power of the beam is attenuated from P_o to P. Beer’s law can be written

where A is the absorbance at a given wavelength of light, ε is the molar absorbtivity or extinction coefficient (L mol^-1 cm^-1), unique to each molecule and varying with wavelength, b is the length of light path through the sample (cm), and c is the concentration of the compound in solution (mol L^-1).

Bronsted acid    →   Bronstedova kiselina

Brøsted acid is a material that gives up hydrogen ions in a chemical reaction.

Bronsted base    →   Bronstedova baza

Brønsted base is a material that accepts hydrogen ions in a chemical reaction.

Bronsted-Lowry’s acid-base theory    →   Bronsted-Lowryeva teorija kiselina i lužina

Brønsted-Lowry’s acid-base theory: Acid is a substance which gives a proton (protondonor) and base is a substance which accepts a proton (protonacceptor).

Bohr magneton    →   Bohrov magneton

Bohr magneton (μ_B) is the atomic unit of magnetic moment, defined as

where h is Planck’s constant, m_e the electron mass, and e the elementary charge. It is the moment associated with a single electron spin.

bromine    →   brom

Bromine was discovered by Antoine J. Balard (France) in 1826. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word bromos meaning stench. It is reddish-brown liquid with suffocating, irritating fumes. Gives off poisonous vapour. Causes severe burns. Oxidizer. Bromine occurs in compounds in sea water. It was once used in large quantities to make a compound that removed lead compound build up in engines burning leaded gasoline. Now it is primarily used in dyes, disinfectants and photographic chemicals.

Bunsen, Robert Wilhem    →   Bunsen, Robert Wilhem

Robert Wilhem Bunsen (1811-1899) is a German chemist who held professorships at Kassel, Marburg and Heidelberg. His early researches on organometallic compound of arsenic cost him an eye in an explosion. Bunsen's most important work was in developing several techniques used in separating, identifying, and measuring various chemical substances. He also improvement chemical battery for use in isolating quantities of pure metals - Bunsen battery.

The essential piece of laboratory equipment that has immortalized the name of Bunsen was not invented by him. Bunsen improved the burner's design, which had been invented by Faraday, to aid his endeavors in spectroscopy. Use of the Bunsen burner in conjunction with a glass prism led to the development of the spectroscope in collaboration with the German physicist Gustav Kirchoff and to the spectroscopic discovery of the elements rubidium (1860) and cesium (1861).

caramel    →   karamel

Caramel is a dark brown substance made from sugar, used to colour and flavour food, added to some liqueur as a colouring agent.

carbonization    →   karbonizacija

Carbonization begins when you heat organic substances like wood, sugar or meat with no presence of air; they go black because of secreted carbon.

cementation    →   cementacija

Cementation is any metallurgical process in which the surfaces of a metal is impregnated by some other substance, especially an obsolete process for making steel by heating bars of wrought iron to red heat for several days in a bed of charcoal.