CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

amide    →   amid

Amide is an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group bound to nitrogen. The simplest amides are formamide (HCONH₂) and acetamide (CH₃CONH₂).

amines    →   amini

Amines are compounds formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two, or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups, and having the general structures RNH₂ (primary amines), R₂NH (secondary amines), R₃N (tertiary amines). Examples are methylamine, CH₃NH₂; dimethylamine, CH₃NHCH₃; and trimethylamine, (CH₃)₃N.

amino acids    →   aminokiseline

Amino acids are compounds containing both a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH₂ ). The most important are the α-amino acids, in which the -NH₂ group in attached to the C atom adjacent to the -COOH group. In the β-amino acids, there is an intervening carbon atom.

primary amine    →   primarni amin

Primary amine is an amine on which there is only one alkyl group bonded, it is a weak base, and has a fish odour.

alanine    →   alanin

Alanine is hydrophobic amino acids with aliphatic side chain. It is the second simplest amino acid, but used the most in proteins. The nonpolar hydrophobic amino acids tend to cluster together within proteins, stabilizing protein structure by means of hydrophobic interactions. Alanine is a nonessential amino acid, meaning it can be manufactured by the human body, and does not need to be obtained directly through the diet.

• Abbreviations: Ala, A
• IUPAC name: 2-aminopropanoic acid
• Molecular formula: C₃H₇NO₂
• Molecular weight: 89.09 g/mol

arginine    →   arginin

Arginine is an electrically charged amino acids with basic side chains. It is one of the least frequent amino acids. As a group the charged amino acids are important for making proteins soluble. These residues are generally located on the surface of the protein. Arginine is well designed to bind the phosphate anion, and is often found in the active centers of proteins that bind phosphorylated substrates. As a cation, arginine, as well as lysine, plays a role in maintaining the overall charge balance of a protein. Although arginine is considered an essential amino acid (it must be obtained through the diet), this is true only during the juvenile period in humans.

• Abbreviations: Arg, R
• IUPAC name: 2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
• Molecular formula: C₆H₁₄N₄O₂
• Molecular weight: 174.20 g/mol

conjugated protein    →   konjugirani protein

Conjugated proteins are proteins which have a prostetic group as a part of their structure which is bonded with one or more amino acids of the same protein.

keratin    →   keratin

Keratin is an insoluble protein that is the major constituent of the outer layer of the skin, nails, and hair. It contains greater amounts of amino acid called cystine.

nitrosoamine    →   nitrozoamin

Nitrosoamines are carcinogenic compounds that contain nitroso and amino-group in a single molecule.

asparagine    →   asparagin

Asparagine is neutral amino acids with polar side chains. The polar amino acids are an important class of amino acids since they provide many of the functional groups found in proteins. Asparagine is a common site for attachment of carbohydrates in glycoproteins. In general this is not very reactive residues. Asparagine is amide derivative of aspartic acid. Asparagine is not essential for humans, which means that it can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates and is not required in the diet.

• Abbreviations: Asn, N
• IUPAC name: 2,4-diamino-4-oxobutanoic acid
• Molecular formula: C₄H₈N₂O₃
• Molecular weight: 132.12 g/mol