CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

Soxhlet extractor    →   Soxhletov ekstraktor

Soxhlet extractor is a laboratory apparatus designed to extract substances with a low solubility in the extracting solvent. The method described by the German chemist Franz von Soxhlet (1848-1926) in 1879 is the most commonly used example of a semi-continuous method applied to extraction of lipids from foods. In the Soxhlet extractor, the sample soaks in hot solvent that is periodically siphoned off, distilled and returned to the sample. During each cycle, a portion of the non-volatile compound dissolves in the solvent. After many cycles the desired compound is concentrated in the distillation flask. The solvent in the flask is then evaporated and the mass of the remaining lipid is measured.

specific weight    →   specifična težina

Specific weight (γ) is defined as the ratio between the weight of a mass element, Δm, and the volume, ΔV, occupied by that element. As density (average) is defined as the ratio of a mass element and its volume, specific weight is equal to:

where g is gravitational acceleration.

titar    →   titar

Titar (T) is a mass of titrated matter which is equivalent to 1 cm³ of solution. It is shown as T = 2.356 mg HCl / 1.0 cm³ NaOH, 0.1000 moldm^-3, and it is usually shown in a table form. If the concentration of used standard solution (c) differs from one outlined in the table data (c₀), the factor of correction (f) is induced

Titar is usually used in industrial operational laboratories where from titar tables mass or percentage of the ingredient in question is directly read.