CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

conjugated acid    →   konjugirana kiselina

Conjugated acid is a particle that develops after a base receives a proton.

glacial acetic acid    →   ledena octena kiselina

Glacial acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is the pure compound, as distinguished from the usual water solutions known as acetic acid. It is a colorless liquid or crystalline substance (melting point 16.6 °C) with a pungent, vinegar odor.

deoxyribonucleic acid    →   dezoksiribonukleinska kiselina

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid with 2-deoxy-D-ribose as the sugar in its nucleotides. DNA contains encoded genetic information, specifically templates for the synthesis of all of an organism’s proteins and enzymes.

DNA was first identified in the 1869 by Swiss chemist Friedrich Miescher (1844-1895). In 1953, American biologist James Dewey Watson (1928-) and English physicist Francis Harry Compton Crick (1916–2004) had discovered that DNA occurs in the cell as a double helix, with two long strands of the molecule wound around each other, and further that the chemical structure of the molecule dictates that adenine (A) always aligns or pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). It is this base pairing that allows DNA in a cell to copy itself, and transfer its information to a new cell. The diameter of the helix is 2.0 nm and there is a residue on each chain every 0.34 nm in the z direction. The angle between each residue on the same strand is 36°, so that the structure repeats after 10 residues (3.4 nm) on each strand.

Lewis acid    →   Lewisova kiselina

Lewis acid is an agent capable of accepting a pair of electrons to form a coordinate bond.

mineral acid    →   mineralna kiselina

Mineral acid is an acid made from minerals by chemical reaction, e.g. hydrochloric acid is produced from sodium chloride and sulphuric acid is made from sulphur.

monobasic acid    →   monobazična kiselina

Monobasic acids are acids that have only one replacable hydrogen atom per molecule (HCl, HNO₃).

muriatic acid    →   murijatična kiselina

Muriatic acid is an obsolete name for hydrochloric acid (HCl). Lavoisier coined the name from the Latin word muria meaning brine.

organic acid    →   organska kiselina

Organic acid is an organic compound which is sour, most often these are carboxylic acids (RCOOH).

glutamic acid    →   glutaminska kiselina

Glutamic acid is an electrically charged amino acids. It is one of the two amino acids that contain a carboxylic acid group in its side chains. These acids play important roles as general acids in enzyme active centers, as well as in maintaining the solubility and ionic character of proteins. Glutamic acid is commonly referred to as glutamate, because its carboxylic acid side chain will be deprotonated and thus negatively charged in its anionic form at physiological pH. Glutamic acid is referred to as a non-essential amino acid because a healthy human can synthesize all the glutamic acid needed for normal body function from other amino acids.

• Abbreviations: Glu, E
• IUPAC name: 2-aminopentanedioic acid
• Molecular formula: C₅H₉NO₄
• Molecular weight: 147.13 g/mol

weak acid    →   slaba kiselina

Weak acid is an acid that incompletely dissociated in aqueous solution. Acetic acid is an example of a weak acid