CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

hexagonal lattice    →   heksagonska rešetka

Hexagonal lattice has lattice points at the twelve corners of the hexagonal prism and at the centers of the two hexagonal faces of the unit cell. It has unit cell vectors a=b≠c and interaxial angles α=β=90° and γ=120°.

high fructose corn syrup    →   visoko fruktozni kukuruzni sirup

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is commonly used in place of sugar in foods and drinks. Corn starch is hydrolyzed to glucose, which is then treated with glucose isomerase to produce a fructose-rich mixture. HFCS is available in a number of forms, named according to the percentage of fructose they contain, HFCS-55 for instance contains 55 % fructose and 45 % glucose. The enhanced sweetness, low cost and ease of use are the main reasons why manufacturers now prefer to use high fructose corn syrup instead of sugar.

non-water solution    →   nevodena otopina

Non-water solution is a solution in which the solvent is not a water (usualy non-polar).

nucleon    →   nukleon

Nucleon is a collective term for the proton and neutron.

nucleophile    →   nukleofil

Nucleophiles are negatively charged or bear a partial negative charge. Examples are lone pairs or a hydroxide ion.

nuclide    →   nuklid

Nuclide is a species of atoms in which each atom has identical atomic number Z and identical mass number A. For example, a carbon-14 (C-14 or ¹⁴C) nuclide is the nucleus of a carbon atom, which has six protons and eight neutrons.

Hirsch funnel    →   Hirschov lijevak

Hirsch funnels are essentially smaller Büchner funnels and primarily used to collect a desired solid from a relatively small volume of liquid (1-10 mL). The main difference is that the plate is much smaller, while the walls of the funnel angle outward instead of being vertical. It is named after the German chemist Robert Hirsch (1856-1913).

histidine    →   histidin

Histidine is an electrically charged amino acids with basic side chains. It is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it, so it must be ingested. Histidine is perhaps the most common and versatile catalytic residue in proteins. The imidazole sidechain of histidine has a pKa of approximately 6.0. This means that, at physiologically relevant pH values, relatively small shifts in pH will change its average charge. The unprotonated imidazole is nucleophilic and can serve as a general base, while the protonated form can serve as a general acid. In addition, it is often a ligand for transition metal ions such as iron and zinc.

• Abbreviations: His, H
• IUPAC name: 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid
• Molecular formula: C₆H₉N₃O₂
• Molecular weight: 155.15 g/mol

holmium    →   holmij

Holmium was discovered by Per Theodore Cleve (Sweden) in 1879. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word Holmia meaning Stockholm. It is fairly soft, malleable, lustrous, silvery metal. Reacts slowly with oxygen and water. Dissolves in acids. Can react violently with air or halogens. Holmium occurs in gadolinite. Most often from monazite sand. It has very few practical applications; however, it has some unusual magnetic properties that offer some hope for future applications.

nylon    →   najlon

Nylons are synthetic polyamide fibres that have elastic properties and are used for making textile products and screen mesh.