CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

emulsion    →   emulzija

Emulsion is a colloidal system in which the dispersed and continuous phases are both liquids (e.g. oil in water or water in oil). Such systems require an emulsifying agent to stabilize the dispersed particles.

enthalpy growth    →   prirast entalpije

Enthalpy growth (ΔH) is that part of energy of system which can be translated into heat (Q) with a permanent pressure.

catalyst    →   katalizator

Catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. Catalysts that have the same phase as the reactants are homogenous catalysts (e.g. enzymes in biochemical reactions). Those that have a different phase are heterogeneous catalyst (e.g. metals or oxides used in gas reactions).

The catalyst provides an alternative pathway by which the reaction can proceed, in which the activation energy is lower. In thus increases the rate at which the reaction comes to an equilibrium, although it does not alter the position of the equilibrium.

Celsius temperature scale    →   Celsiusova temperaturna skala

For value of zero in Celsius temperature scale the freezing point of water at a pressure of 101 325 Pa is taken. The boiling point of water at a pressure of 101 325 Pa is taken as another reference point. This range is divided into 100 equal parts, and each part is an equivalent to 1 °C. Units of Celsius temperature scale (°C) and thermodynamic temperature scale (K) are identical

1 °C = 1 K.

cement    →   cement

Cement is any various substances used for bonding or setting to a hard material. Portland cement is a mixture of calcium silicates and aluminates made by heating limestone (CaCO₃) with clay (containing aluminosilicates) in a kiln. The product is ground to a fine powder. When mixed with water it settles in a few hours and then hardens over a longer period of time due to the formation of hydrated aluminates and silicates.

fermentation    →   fermentacija

Fermentation is a class of biochemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules (such as carbohydrates) into simpler materials (such as ethanol, carbon dioxide, and water). Fermentation reactions are catalyzed by enzymes.

fouling    →   obrastanje

1. Fouling is the deposition of insoluble materials, such as bacteria, colloids, oxides and water-borne debris, onto the surface of a reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration membrane. Fouling is associated with decreased flux rates and may also reduce the rejection rates of reverse osmosis membranes. Fouling also refers to the accumulation of normally inorganic deposits on heat exchanger tubing.

2. Fouling is an accumulation of marine organism deposits on a submerged metal surface.

freezing    →   smrzavanje

Freezing is the change of a liquid into a solid state as the temperature decreases. For water, the freezing point is 0 °C (or 273.16 K).

glacial acetic acid    →   ledena octena kiselina

Glacial acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is the pure compound, as distinguished from the usual water solutions known as acetic acid. It is a colorless liquid or crystalline substance (melting point 16.6 °C) with a pungent, vinegar odor.

Glauber’s salt    →   Glauberova sol

Glauber’s salt is sodium sulphate decahydrate (Na₂SO₄·10H₂O). Loses water of hydration at 100 °C. Energy storage capacity is more than seven times that of water.