CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

glycosidic bond    →   glikozidna veza

Glycosidic bond ia a bond between the glycosyl group, the structure obtained by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of a monosaccharide, and the -OR group (which itself may be derived from a saccharide and chalcogen replacements thereof (RS–, RSe–). The terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are misnomers and should not be used. The glycosidic bond can be α or β in orientation, depending on whether the anomeric hydroxyl group was α or β before the glycosidic bond was formed and on the specificity of the enzymatic reaction catalyzing their formation. Once the glycosidic bond is formed, the anomeric configuration of the ring is locked as either α or β. Specific glycosidic bonds therefore may be designated α(1→4), β(1→4), α(1→6), and so on. Cellulose is formed of glucose molecules linked by β(1→4)-glycosidic bonds, whereas starch is composed of α(1→4)-glycosidic bonds.

hydrogen bond    →   vodikova veza

Hydrogen is a bond formed by a hydrogen atom to an electronegative atom, and is denoted by dashed lines H-X---H-B. A hydrogen atom covalently bound to an oxygen (electronegative atom) has a significant positive charge and can form a weak bond to another electronegative atom.

ionic strength    →   ionska jakost otopine

Ionic strength (μ or I) is a measure of the total concentration of ions in a solution, defined by

where z_i is the charge of ionic species i and c_i is its concentration.

peptide bond    →   peptidna veza

Peptide bond emerges when two amino acid join in a way that the carbon atom from one connects with the nitrogen atom from the other (creating a C-N bond).

pi bond    →   pi veza

Pi bonds (π bond) between atoms are formed by the side-on overlap of the atomic orbitals on the different atoms.

sigma bond    →   sigma veza

Most single bonds are sigma bonds (σ-bond). In the valence bond theory, a sigma bond is a valence bond that is symmetrical around the imaginary line between the bonded atoms.

triple bond    →   trostruka veza

Triple bond. (≡) is a covalent bond that involves 3 bonding pairs. In the valence bond theory, one of the bonds in a triple bond is a sigma bond and the other two are pi bonds. For example, the central bond in acetylene is a triple bond: H-C≡C-H.

ionic current    →   ionska struja

Ionic current is an electric current with ions as charge carriers

ion exchanger    →   ionski izmjenjivač

Ion-exchanger is a solid or liquid material containing ions that are exchangeable with other ions with a like charge that are present in a solution in which the material is insoluble. Ion-exchange resins consist of various copolymers having a cross-linked three-dimensional structure to which ionic groups have been attached.

ionic conductor    →   ionski vodič

Ionic conductor is a material that conducts electricity with ions as charge carriers.