CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

ccp    →   ccp

ccp is abbreviation for cubic close-packed structure.

concentration of ore    →   koncentriranje ruda

Concentration of ores is important industrial processes and is the first steps to the extraction of the metals. Normally, the ore is concentrated by separating it from the clay body in which it occurs either by gravity, sedimentation, or by a floatation process, before the extraction of the metal from the ore is started.

corticosteroid    →   kortikosteroid

Corticosteroids are general term for hormones produced by the adrenal gland. Includes cortisol and cortisone which regulate the use of nutrients in the body.

crystal    →   kristal

Crystal is a solid with a regular geometric shape, having a characteristic internal structure and enclosed by symmetrically arranged plane surfaces, intersecting at definite and characteristic angles. In crystals the particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) have a regular three-dimensional repeating arrangement in space. This is called the crystal structure. The crystal lattice is the arrangement of points in space at which the particles are positioned.

balance    →   vaga

Balance is an instrument to measure the mass (or weight) of a body. Balance beam type scales are the oldest type and measure weight using a fulcrum or pivot and a lever with the unknown weight placed on one end of the lever, and a counterweight applied to the other end. When the lever is balanced, the unknown weight and the counterweight are equal. The equal-arm balance consists of two identical pans hung from either end of a centrally suspended beam. The unequal-arm balance is made with one arm of the balance much longer than the other.

More modern substitution balances use the substitution principle. In this calibrated weights are removed from the single lever arm to bring the single pan suspended from it into equilibrium with a fixed counter weight. The substitution balance is more accurate than the two-pan device and enables weighing to be carried out more rapidly.

Electromagnetic force restoration balances also use a lever system but a magnetic field is used to generate the force on the opposite end of the lever and balance out the unknown mass. The current used to drive the magnetic coil is proportional to the mass of the object placed on the platform.

harmonic motion    →   harmoničko gibanje

Harmonic motion is caused by restoring force, acting on a body that is displaced from its equilibrium position. This force tries to put the body back in equilibrium. Usual examples are the motion of a body attached to elastic spring (see: Hooke’s law) and the motion of mathematical pendulum. The body undergoes periodic motion around the equilibrium point.

heat    →   toplina

Heat is a form of energy associated with and proportional to molecular motion. It can be transferred from one body to another by radiation, conduction, or convection.

horse power    →   konjska snaga

Horse power is an obsolete non-SI of power introduced by James Watt in 1782 to allow describing the power of steam machinery. It was equal to the work effort of a horse needed to raise vertically 528 cubic feet of water to one metre in one minute (HP = 735.498750 W).

blackbody radiation    →   zračenje crnog tijela

Blackbody radiation is the radiation emitted by a perfect blackbody, i.e., a body which absorbs all radiation incident on it and reflects none. The primary law governing blackbody radiation is the Planck Radiation Law, which governs the intensity of radiation emitted by unit surface area into a fixed direction (solid angle) from the blackbody as a function of wavelength for a fixed temperature. The Planck Law can be expressed through the following equation

where λ is the wavelength, h is Planck’s constant, c is the speed of light, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature.

ideal crystal    →   idealni kristal

Ideal crystal is a single crystal with a perfectly regular lattice that contains no impurities, imperfections, or other defects.