CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

beta-glucan    →   beta-glukan

Beta-glucans are are naturally occurring polysaccharides that contain only glucose as structural components, and are linked with β-glycosidic bonds. They is the most known powerful immune stimulant. The most active forms of β-glucans are those comprising D-glucose units with β(1→3) links and with short side-chains of D-glucose attached at the β(1→6) position. These are referred to as beta-1,3/1,6 glucan. They are a major component of soluble dietary fiber, which can be found in cereal grains (oats, barley, wheat), yeast, and certain mushrooms (shiitake, maitake).

caramel    →   karamel

Caramel is a dark brown substance made from sugar, used to colour and flavour food, added to some liqueur as a colouring agent.

carbonates    →   karbonati

Carbonates are compounds composed of metal cation and carbonate anion (CO₃^2-), salts of carbonic acid.

chemical element    →   kemijski element

Chemical element is a type of matter of which elementary matter is composed. Chemical element is composed of atoms with the same core charge.

chemical glass    →   kemijsko staklo

Chemical glass is a special, resilient glass used in production of chemical vessels; it is composed of quartz and boron, barium, zinc and aluminium oxides.

chlorofluorocarbons    →   klorofluorougljici

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are manmade chemicals containing chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. CFCs are used for industrial purposes and in the home for refrigeration, air conditioning, aerosols and as a raw material in polystyrene production.

coulometry    →   kulometrija

Coulometry is a quantitative electrochemical analytical method which is based on measuring the quantity of electricity that has passed and on Faraday’s laws.

binary solution    →   binarna otopina

Binary solution is a mixture of two liquids that are completely miscible one with another. The boiling point of binary solution depends upon the solution composition and there can be three cases:

1. the boiling points of solutions of all compositions lie between the boiling points of clean liquids

2. the boiling points of solutions of any composition lie above the boiling points of clean liquids

3. the boiling points of solutions of some compositions lie below the boiling points of clean liquids

biocapacity    →   biokapacitet

Biocapacity (or biological capacity) is the capacity of ecosystems to produce useful biological materials and to absorb carbon dioxide generated by humans, using current management schemes and extraction technologies. Useful biological materials are defined as those used by the human economy, hence what is considered useful can change from year to year. The biocapacity of an area is calculated by multiplying the actual physical area by the yield factor and the appropriate equivalence factor.

Yield factor is a factor that accounts for differences between countries in productivity of a given land type. Each country and each year has yield factors for cropland, grazing land, forest, and fisheries.

Equivalence factor is a productivity based scaling factor that converts a specific land type into a universal unit of biologically productive area, a global hectare (gha).

cryoscopic constant    →   krioskopska konstanta

Cryoscopic constant (E_f) is the constant that expresses the amount by which the freezing point T_f of a solvent is lowered by a non-dissociating solute, through the relation

where m is the molality of the solute.