CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
cryogenic fluid → kriogenski fluid
Cryogenic fluids are used for accessing low temperatures, usually below -150 °C. Cryogenic temperatures are achieved by the rapid evaporation of volatile liquids. The most common laboratory cryogenic fluids are liquid nitrogen (-196 °C). Nitrogen gas is colorless and odorless. The cloud formed when pouring liquid nitrogen is condensed water vapour from the air, not nitrogen gas.
Tyndall’s effect → Tyndallov efekt
Tyndall’s effect occurs when light disperses on colloid particles. This phenomenon can be seen when a ray of light enters in dark room through a small hole. In the beam some dust particles of colloid dimensions can be seen sparkling.
upper flammable limit → gornja granica zapaljivosti
Upper flammable limit (UEL) or the upper explosive limit is the maximum concentration of vapour or gas in air below which propagation of flame does not occur on contact with a source of ignition. The mixture is said to be too rich.
white light → bijela svjetlost
White light is a mixture of lights of all colours. If white light is passed through a glass prism or an optical lattice, it is separated into several colours (the visible light spectrum).
X-ray crystallography → rendgenska kristalografija
X-ray crystallography is a determination of a three dimensional arrangements of atoms in a crystal by analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns.
cryogenic fractionation → kriogena frakcinacija
Cryogenic fractionation is a process of separation of gases by cooling them until they enter their liquid state. Large scale gas production companies use this method to produce liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen etc. Gases have different boiling points (the temperature at which they change from liquid to gas). Oxygen has a boiling point of -183 °C, and nitrogen a boiling point of -195.8 °C. Therefore by cooling the gas mixture to -183 °C, the oxygen can be collected as liquid and the nitrogen remains its gaseous form.
desiccant dryers → sredstva za sušenje
Desiccant dryers (air dryers) use nonconsumable chemicals such as silica gel or active alumina, and can remove almost all the moisture from compressed air by adsorbing moisture on its surface. The method of regeneration, the process of removing adsorbed water from the desiccant, is the primary distinguishing feature among the various types of desiccant dryers. There are three ways to regenerate a desiccant: with air, internal or external heaters, or a heat pump.
desiccator → eksikator
Desiccator is a glass container with dry atmosphere due to the presence of some dehydrating agent. It is used for protecting the samples, reagents or precipitates from humidity. As dehydrating agent usually waterless calcium chloride (CaCl2) is used.
Dewar flask → Dewarova posuda
Dewar flask or vacuum bottle is a container for storing hot or cold substances. It consists of two flasks, one placed inside the other, with a vacuum between. The vacuum prevents the conduction of heat from one flask to the other. For greater efficiency the flasks are silvered to reflect heat. The substance to be kept hot or cold, e.g., liquid air, is contained in the inner flask. The flask is named after British chemist and physicist Sir James Dewar (1842-1923). Dewar invented the Dewar flask in 1892 to aid him in his work with liquid gases. The common thermos bottle is an adaptation of the Dewar flask.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Spektar X-zraka." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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