CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

Results 21–30 of 38 for sekundarni alkohol

perfume → parfem

Perfumes are mixtures or alcohol solutions of natural or synthetic volatile substances of a pleasant aroma, usually containing plant ethereal oils or relative esters, ethers, aldehydes and ketones.

standardisation → standardizacija

Standardisation is a process of determining the exact concentration of secondary standard solution.

wax → vosak

Wax is an ester formed from long-chain fatty acids and alcohols that is usually solid at room temperature.

white spirit → bijeli špirit

White spirit (mineral spirits, petroleum spirits) is a paraffin-derived clear, transparent liquid which is a common organic solvent used in painting and decorating.

Diamond is the hardest known mineral (with a hardness of 10 on Mohs’ scale). It is an allotropic form of pure carbon that has crystallised in the cubic system, usually as octahedral or cubes, under great pressure. Diamond crystals my be colourless and transparent or yellow, brown or black. They are highly prized as gemstones, but also have extensive uses in industry, mainly for cutting and grinding tools. Diamonds occur in ancient volcanic pipes of kimberlite, or in river deposits that have been derived from weathered kimberlite. Industrial diamonds are being increasingly synthetically produced.

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ester → ester

Esters are organic compounds formed by a reaction between alcohol and acids. Esters formed from carboxylic acids have the general formula RCOOR’. Triesters, molecules containing three ester groups, occur in nature as oils and fats.

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ether → eter

Ethers are organic compounds with a formula R-O-R, where R is not equal to H. They may be derived from alcohols by elimination of water, but the major method is catalytic hydration of olefins. They are volatile highly flammable compounds; when containing peroxides they can detonate on heating. The term ether is often used synonymously with diethyl ether.

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hemiacetal → poluacetal

Hemiacetals are organic compounds having the general formula R₂C(OH)OR’ (R’ ≠ H), derived from aldehydes or ketones by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. Hemiacetals are generally unstable compounds. In some cases however, stable cyclic hemiacetals can be readily formed, especially when 5- and 6-membered rings are possible. In this case an intramolecular OH group reacts with the carbonyl group. Glucose and many other aldoses exist as cyclic hemiacetals whereas fructose and similar ketoses exist as cyclic hemiketals. Originally, the term was confined to derivatives of aldehydes (one R = H), but it now applies equally to derivatives of ketones (neither R = H).

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yeast → kvasac

Yeasts are a group of unicellular fungi which exist almost everywhere in nature. There are about 1500 species currently known to science. Yeast contains an enzyme called cimase which catalyses change of glucose in ethanol in the process of alcoholic fermentation.

hemiketal → poluketal

Hemiketals are organic compounds having the structure R₂C(OH)OR (R ≠ H), derived from ketones by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The rings of ketose sugars are hemiketals. This term, once abandoned, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.

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Citing this page:

Generalic, Eni. "Sekundarni alkohol." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.