CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
dilute solution → razrijeđena otopina
Dilute solution contains a relatively low concentration of solute.
isotonic solution → izotonična otopina
Isotonic solutions are the solutions that have equal osmotic pressure.
law of definite composition → zakon o određenom sastavu
Law of definite composition states that the elements in a given compound are always combined in the same proportion by mass. This law form the basis for the definition of a chemical compound.
non-water solution → nevodena otopina
Non-water solution is a solution in which the solvent is not a water (usualy non-polar).
Fehling’s test → Fehlingova otopina
Fehling’s test is a chemical test to detect reducing sugars and aldehydes in a solution, devised by the German chemist Hermann Christian von Fehling (1812-1885). Fehling’s solution consists of Fehling’s A (copper(II) sulphate solution) and Fehling’s B (sodium tartarate solution), equal amounts of which are added to the test solution. After boiling, a positive result is indicated by the formation of a brick-red precipitate of copper(I) oxide. Methanal, being a strong reducing agent, also produces copper metal; ketones do not react. The test is now rarely used, having been replaced by Benedict’s test.
solution → otopina
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of clean substances. Solutions contain two or more substances mixed in a state of molecular dispersion. Component which is found in solution in greater amount than other components is called a solvent and other components are called dissolved substances. Solution can be unsaturated, saturated and oversaturated.
supersaturated solution → prezasićena otopina
Solution is supersaturated when it contains greater quantity of dissolved substance in itself than it corresponds to solubility of that substance at that temperature. It is said to be in an unstable state, and by shaking the vessel containing that such a solution separation of salt surplus can occur.
unsaturated solution → nezasićena otopina
Unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less than the maximum possible equilibrium concentration of a solute.
ideal solution → idealna otopina
Ideal solution is a solution in which solvent-solvent and solvent-solute interactions are identical, so that properties such as volume and enthalpy are exactly additive. Ideal solutions follow Raoult’s law, which states that the vapour pressure pi of component i is pi = xi pi*, where xi is the mole fraction of component i and pi* the vapour pressure of the pure substance i.
saturated solution → zasićena otopina
Saturated solution is a solution that holds the maximum possible amount of dissolved material. When saturated, the rate of dissolving solid and that of recrystallisation solid are the same, and a condition of equilibrium is reached. The amount of material in solution varies with temperature; cold solutions can hold less dissolved solid material than hot solutions. Gases are more soluble in cold liquids than in hot liquids.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Sastav otopine." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
English