CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

calendering    →   kalandriranje

Calendering is the process of forming materials to make a film/sheet by passing them through a series of hot rollers.

calomel electrode    →   kalomel elektroda

Calomel electrode is a type of half cell in which the electrode is mercury coated with calomel (Hg₂Cl₂) and the electrolyte is a solution of potassium chloride and saturated calomel. In the calomel half cell the overall reaction is

Table: Dependence of potential of calomel electrode upon temperature and concentration of KCl according to standard hydrogen electrode

calorimeter    →   kalorimetar

Calorimeter is an instrument used to measure the energy absorbed or released in a chemical reaction. It also used in determining specific heat.

capacitor    →   kondenzator

Capacitor is a device that stores electric charges. The symbol for a capacitor in electric circuit schemes is —| |—.

carat    →   karat

Carat (ct.) is a metric unit of mass for the weighing of precious metals, precious stone and gems (e.g. diamond, ruby, sapphire).

Carat (ct, Kt) corresponds to the mass fraction of gold in precious alloys used in jewellery.

1 ct = 0.4167 %

24 ct = 100 %

24 carat gold is pure gold, 18 carat is 75 % gold and 25 % of some other metal such as silver or copper.

catalytic cracking    →   katalitčko krekiranje

Catalytic cracking is a petroleum refining process in which heavy-molecular weight hydrocarbons are broken up into light hydrocarbon molecules by the application of heat and pressure in the presence of a catalyst.

cathode ray    →   katodna zraka

Cathode ray is a negatively charged beam that emanates from the cathode of a discharge tube. Cathode rays are streams of electrons.

cathodic protection    →   katodna zaštita

Cathodic protection is a process in which a structural metal, such as iron, is protected from corrosion by connecting it to a metal that has a more negative reduction half-cell potential, which now corrodes instead of iron. There are two major variations of the cathodic method of corrosion protection. The first is called the impressed current method, and the other is called the sacrificial anode method.

conjugated base    →   konjugirana baza

Conjugated base is a particle which is left after a molecule of acid releases a proton.

crystalline substance    →   kristalna tvar

Crystalline substances are substances that contain crystals.