CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

plastic    →   plastika

Plastic is a material that can be shaped by the application of heat or pressure. Most are based on synthetic polymers although some are the product of natural substances (such as cellulose derivatives, but excluding the rubbers.). They are usually light and permanent solids, being also heat and electric isolators. If the materials soften again when reheated, they are said to be thermoplastic. If, after fashioning, they resist further applications of heat, they are said to be thermoset.

thermosetting plastic    →   termostabilna plastika

Thermosetting plastics (thermosets) refer to a range of polymer materials that cure, through the addition of energy, to a stronger form. The energy may be in the form of heat (rubber), through a chemical reaction (two part epoxy), or irradiation. Thermoset materials are usually liquid or malleable prior to curing, and designed to be molded into their final form, or used as adhesive.

Thermoset polymer resins transformed into plastics or rubbers by cross-linking into a rigid, 3-D structure. A thermoset material cannot be melted and re-molded after it is cured.

plastic welding    →   varenje plastike

Plastic welding is the fusion of two pieces (usually of the same plastic type) with a directed hot air jet and plastic welding rod. Used increasingly for the manufacture of tanks, floats and other items. Useful for repair of pipework (either temporary or permanent).

ABS plastic    →   ABS

ABS plastic is any of a class of plastics or plastics based on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers.

high-density polyethylene    →   polietilen visoke gustoće

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a thermoplastic polyolefin with a density of from 0.941 g/cm³ to 0.960 g/cm³. It is a recyclable plastic, used for items such as milk containers, detergent containers, and base cups of plastic soft drink bottles. HDPE has a high degree of resistance to chemicals, is easy to keep clean, and easily welded.

low-density polyethylene    →   polietilen niske gustoće

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic polyolefin with a density of 0.910-0.940 g cm^-3. It is a recyclable plastic used predominantly in film applications due to its toughness, flexibility and relative transparency. LDPE has a low melting point, making it popular for use in applications where heat sealing is necessary. Typically, LDPE is used to manufacture flexible films such as those used for plastic retail bags and garment dry cleaning and grocery bags.

resin    →   smola

Resins are gumlike solid or semisolid substances used in making such products as paints, varnishes and plastics. A resin is not a plastic unless it has become solid in the finished state.

water jet vacuum pump    →   vodena sisaljka

The water jet vacuum pump or vacuum aspirator is one of the most popular devices that produces vacuum in laboratories. The rapid flow of water through the device creates a vacuum in a side-arm that is connected to a vacuum application such a Buchner flask. The water jet vacuum pump creates a vacuum by means of Venturi effect named after the Italian physicist Giovanni Battista Venturi (1746–1822). The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid flows through a constricted section of pipe. Water jet pumps are manufactured of glass, plastic or metal, depending on the conditions in which they are used.