CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
buffer capacity → puferski kapacitet
Buffer capacity is number of moles of a strong acid or a strong base needed to change pH of 1 dm3 of buffer solution for pH unit.
carboanhidrase → karboanhidraze
Carboanhidrase is an enzyme that catalyzes creation or decomposition of carbonic acid, regulates proportion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in the blood plasma.
carbon dating → određivanje starosti radioaktivnim ugljikom
Carbon dating is used to the time passed since a living organism died. It is based on measuring the quantity of isotope of carbon-14 that is contained in all living organisms.
beryllium → berilij
Beryllium was discovered by Friedrich Wöhler (Germany) and independently by A. B. Bussy (France) in 1828. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word beryllos meaning mineral beryl; also called glucinium from the Greek word glykys meaning sweet. It is steel-grey metal. It resists attack by concentrated nitric acid, has excellent thermal conductivity and is nonmagnetic. At ordinary temperatures, it resists oxidation in air. Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care. Beryllium is found mostly in minerals like beryl [AlBe3(Si6O18)] and chrysoberyl (Al2BeO4). Pure beryllium is obtained by chemically reducing beryl mineral. Also by electrolysis of beryllium chloride. Its ability to absorb large amounts of heat makes it useful in spacecraft, missiles, aircraft, etc. Emeralds are beryl crystals with chromium traces giving them their green colour.
bismuth → bizmut
Bismuth was discovered by Claude Geoffroy (France) in 1753. The origin of the name comes from the German words Weisse Masse meaning white mass; now spelled wismut and bisemutum. It is hard, brittle, steel-grey metal with a pink tint. Stable in oxygen and water. Dissolves in concentrated nitric acid. Bismuth can be found free in nature and in minerals like bismuthine (Bi2S3) and in bismuth ochre (Bi2O3) Main use is in pharmaceuticals and low melting point alloys used as fuses.
borane → borani
Borane is any of the group of compounds of boron and hydrogen (B2H6, B4H10, B5H9, B5H11...), many of which can be prepared by action of acid on magnesium boride (Mg3B2). Boranes are a remarkable group of compounds in that their structures cannot be described using the conventional two-electron covalent bond model.
boron → bor
Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not discovered until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy (England) and independently by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac (France) and L. J. Thenard (France). The origin of the name comes from the Arabic word buraq and the Persian word burah meaning boraks. It is hard, brittle, lustrous black semimetal. Unreactive with oxygen, water, alkalis or acids. Combines with most metals to form borides. Boron is obtained from kernite, a kind of borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O). High purity boron is produced by electrolysis of molten potassium fluroborate and potassium chloride (KCl). Amorphous boron is used in pyrotechnic flares to provide a distinctive green color and in rockets as an igniter.
carbonates → karbonati
Carbonates are compounds composed of metal cation and carbonate anion (CO32-), salts of carbonic acid.
carbonization → karbonizacija
Carbonization begins when you heat organic substances like wood, sugar or meat with no presence of air; they go black because of secreted carbon.
carboxylate group → karboksilna skupina
Carboxylate group (-COOH) is a functional group which is common to all carboxylic acids.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Organic acid." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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