CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

amphoteric    →   amfoternost

Amphoteric is capable of acting either as an acid or base.

antacid    →   antacid

Antacid is any mildly alkaline substance, such as sodium bicarbonate, taken internally or in water solution to neutralize excess stomach acidity.

antioxidant    →   antioksidans

Antioxidants are compounds that slow down oxidation processes that degrade foods, fuels, rubber, plastic, and other materials. Antioxidants like butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), are added to food to prevent fats from becoming rancid and to minimize decomposition of vitamins and essential fatty acids; they work by scavenging destructive free radicals from the food.

air stripping    →   zračni striping

Air stripping is a process for the removal of volatile organic contaminants from groundwater. The groundwater flows downward inside a tower filled with materials (the packing) over a large surface area. Air is introduced at the bottom of the tower and is forced upward past the falling water. The volatiles evaporate from the water and are collected in air filters or released to the atmosphere.

alanine    →   alanin

Alanine is hydrophobic amino acids with aliphatic side chain. It is the second simplest amino acid, but used the most in proteins. The nonpolar hydrophobic amino acids tend to cluster together within proteins, stabilizing protein structure by means of hydrophobic interactions. Alanine is a nonessential amino acid, meaning it can be manufactured by the human body, and does not need to be obtained directly through the diet.

• Abbreviations: Ala, A
• IUPAC name: 2-aminopropanoic acid
• Molecular formula: C₃H₇NO₂
• Molecular weight: 89.09 g/mol

alcohol    →   alkohol

Alcohols are compounds in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. Smaller members are water soluble, inflammable and are useful as organic solvents and fuels.

amphoteric substances    →   amfoterna tvar

Amphoteric substances can behave as acids or as bases depending upon their surroundings. So aluminium hydroxide in reaction with acids will behave as a base

and in reaction with bases it will act as an acid

ash    →   pepeo

Ash is an inorganic part of some matter or mixture which remains after the organic part has burnt up.

atom marking    →   markiranje atoma

Atom marking is a process of infusing radioactive isotopes in live organism, with the purpose of revealing a way, diffusion, or a role of certain substance.

autoxidation    →   autooksidacija

Autoxidation, autooxidation is a oxidation is caused by exposure to air. Rust is an example of autoxidation. Autoxidation makes ether taken from half-filled bottles very dangerous, because air oxidises ether to highly explosive organic peroxides.