CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

non-polar solvent    →   nepolarno otapalo

Non-polar solvent is a liquid with non-polar molecules. It dissolves covalent compounds, non-water solvent.

organic solvent    →   organsko otapalo

Organic solvent is an organic liquid in which organic (non-polar) substances melt.

polar solvent    →   polarno otapalo

Polar solvent is a liquid with polar molecules which dissolves polar compounds, because the charges on the endings of the solvent’s molecules attract the elements from ion crystals.

solvent    →   otapalo

Solvent is a component of a solution which is found in a greater quantity than all other components. Solvent is a plain liquid can also be a mixture. Water is usually used as a solvent.

nonpolar molecule    →   nepolarna molekula

Nonpolar molecule is a molecule which has no separation of charge, so no positive or negative poles are formed. For example, the Cl₂ molecule has no polar bonds (molecule with one type of atom), CH₄ is a non-polar molecule (due to its symmetry). Nonpolar molecules do not dissolve in water as they cannot form hydrogen bonds (thus are hydrophobic) but do dissolve in lipids or fats (lipophilic).

ligroine    →   ligroin

Ligroine is a petroleum derivative with the boiling point from 6 °C-90 °C similar to petroleum ether. It is nonpolar. It is used as a solvent for fats, resins and latex.

lipids    →   lipidi

Lipids are a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.

non-water solution    →   nevodena otopina

Non-water solution is a solution in which the solvent is not a water (usualy non-polar).

acetal    →   acetal

Acetals are organic compounds having the structure R₂C(OR’)₂ (R’ ≠ H). They are organic compounds formed by addition of alcohol molecules to aldehyde or ketone molecules. Originally, the term was confined to derivatives of aldehydes (one R = H), but it now applies equally to derivatives of ketones (neither R = H ). Mixed acetals have different R’ groups. The formation of acetals is reversible; acetals can be hydrolysed back to aldehydes (ketone) in acidic solutions.

Acetal, 1,1-diethoxyethane (CH₃CH(OC₂H₅)₂), is an organic compound, pleasant smelling, formed by addition of ethyl alcohol to ethanal (acetaldehyde). It is used as a solvent and in synthetic organic chemistry.

acetone    →   aceton

Acetone (propanon) is a colourless flammable volatile compound, CH₃COCH₃. It is used as a solvent and as a raw material for making plastics.