CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
potassium-argon dating → kalij-argonsko datiranje
Potassium-argon dating is a process of determining the age of mineral deposits by measuring the proportion between quantity of isotope 40Ar and 40K in mineral deposits.
soft water → meka voda
Soft water is any water that does not contain large concentrations of the dissolved minerals calcium or magnesium.
waste water → otpadna voda
Waste waters are waters which pour down from housing, public or industrial plants and are polluted with mineral and organic substances and microorganisms.
white spirit → bijeli špirit
White spirit (mineral spirits, petroleum spirits) is a paraffin-derived clear, transparent liquid which is a common organic solvent used in painting and decorating.
hafnium → hafnij
Hafnium was discovered by Dirk Coster (Denmark) and Georg Karl von Hevesy (Hungary) in 1923. The origin of the name comes from the Latin name Hafnia meaning Copenhagen. It is silvery, ductile metal. Exposed surfaces form oxide film. Resists alkalis and acids (except HF). Toxic. Metal ignites and burns readily. Hafnium is obtained from mineral zircon or baddeleyite. Used in reactor control rods because of its ability to absorb neutrons.
hardness → tvrdoća
Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation of an indenter of specific size and shape under a known load. This definition applies to all types of hardness scales except Mohs scale, which is a based on the concept of scratch hardness and is used chiefly for minerals. The most generally used hardness scales are Brinell (for cast iron), Rockwell (for sheet metal and heat-treated steel), Knoop (for metals).
limestone → vapnenac
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of the mineral calcite.. Some 10 % to 15 % of all sedimentary rocks are limestones. Limestone is usually organic, but it may also be inorganic. Calcium carbonate may have been directly precipitated from the sea-water or by the lithification of coral reefs, marine organism shells, or marine organism skeletons.
lithium → litij
Lithium was discovered by Johan August Arfvedson (Sweden) in 1817. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word lithos meaning stone, apparently because it was discovered from a mineral source whereas the other two elements, sodium and potassium, were discovered from plant sources. It is soft silvery-white metal. Lightest of metals. Reacts slowly with water and oxygen. Flammable. Can ignite in air. Reacts with water to give off a flammable gas. Lithium is obtained by passing electric charge through melted lithium chloride and from the silicate mineral called spodumene [LiAl(Si2O6)]. Used in batteries. Also for certain kinds of glass and ceramics. Some is used in lubricants.
magnesium → magnezij
Magnesium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy (England) in 1808. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word Magnesia, a district of Thessaly. It is lightweight, malleable, silvery-white metal. Burns in air with a brilliant white flame and reacts with water as temperature elevates. Can ignite in air. React violently with oxidants. Magnesium is found in large deposits in the form of magnesite, dolomite and other minerals. It is usually obtained by electrolysis of melted magnesium chloride (MgCl2) derived from brines, wells and sea water. Used in alloys to make airplanes, missiles and other uses for light metals. Have structural properties similar to aluminium.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Mineral." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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