CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
arsenic → arsen
Arsenic was discovered by Albertus Magnus (Germany) in 1250. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word arsenikon meaning yellow orpiment. It is steel-grey, brittle semi-metal. Resists water, acids and alkalis. Tarnishes in air, burns in oxygen. Highly toxic by inhalation or ingestion. Arsenic is found in mispickel (arsenopyrite). Many of its compounds are deadly poison and used as weed killer and rat poison. Used in semiconductors. Some compounds, called arsenides, are used in the manufacture of paints, wallpapers and ceramics.
base → baza
Historically, base is a substance that yields an OH - ion when it dissociates in solution, resulting in a pH>7. In the Brønsted definition, a base is a substance capable of accepting a proton in any type of reaction. The more general definition, due to G.N. Lewis, classifies any chemical species capable of donating an electron pair as a base. Typically, bases are metal oxides, hydroxides, or compounds (such as ammonia) that give hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.
bidentate ligand → bidentatni ligand
Bidentate ligand is a ligand that has two "teeth" or atoms that coordinate directly to the central atom in a complex. An example of a bidentate ligand is ethylenediamine. A single molecule of ethylenediamine can form two bonds to a metal ion. The bonds form between the metal ion and the nitrogen atoms of ethylenediamine.
cadmium coating → kadmiranje
Cadmium coating is a galvanic coating of metallic objects with a cadmium layer for corrosion resistance.
crystal water → kristalna voda
Crystal water is water contained in certain salt crystals. It can be removed by heating. Crystals that contain crystal water are called hydrated and their salts hydrates.
cyanide process → cijanidni postupak
Cyanide process is a method for separating a metal from an ore. Crushed ore is treated with cyanide ion to produce a soluble metal cyanide complex. The complex is washed out of the ore and reduced to metallic form using an active metal (usually zinc).
artificial radioactive isotope → umjetni radioaktivni izotop
Artificial radioactive isotopes are formed when an atom is bombed with an accelerator or exposing it to slow moving neutrons in a nuclear reactor. In this way isotopes (radionuclides) are obtained which are non-existent in nature because of their unstability and radioactive transition into stable isotopes. Most important radioactive isotopes are:
Radioactive isotope of cobalt is formed when ordinary metal cobalt is bombed with neutrons in a nuclear reactor.
Radioactive isotope of phosphorus is formed when ordinary phosphorus is bombed with deuterons produced in cyclotron.
radioactive isotope of carbon is formed when a nitrogen is bombed with slow moving neutrons in a nuclear reactor. It is mostly used as a radioactive indicator.
Bunsen burner → Bunsenov plamenik
Bunsen burner is a standard source of heat in the laboratory. German chemist Roberts Bunsen (1811-1899) improved the burner's design, which had been invented by Faraday, to aid his endeavors in spectroscopy. The Bunsen burner has a vertical metal tube through which a fine jet of fuel gas is directed. Air is drawn in through airholes near the base of the tube and the mixture is ignited and burns at the tube’s upper opening. The flow of this air is controlled by an adjustable collar on the side of the metal tube. When the whole is closed a yellow safety flame is displayed. Where as when the whole is open it displays a power dull blue flame with a faint blue outer flame with a vibrant blue core used u for combustion and hearting. The flame can reach temperatures of 1 500 °C.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Metalni hidrid." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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