CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

concentration    →   koncentracija

1. Group of four quantities characterizing the composition of a mixture with respect to the volume of the mixture (mass, amount, volume and number concentration).

2. Short form for amount (of substance) concentration (substance concentration in clinical chemistry).

cubic crystal system    →   kubični kristalni sustav

Cubic crystal system is also known as the isometric system. The Isometric crystal system characterizes itself by its three equivalent crystallographic axes perpendicular to each other.

line spectrum    →   linijski spektar

Red-hot gases give line spectrum, i.e. is they emit electromagnetic rays of defined wavelengths. That kind of emission line of spectrum is characteristic of each chemical element.

mass number    →   maseni broj

Mass number (A) is a characteristic property of a specific isotope of an element, equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

neutron number    →   neutronski broj

Neutron number (N) is a characteristic property of a specific isotope of an element, equal to the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

paramagnetism    →   paramagnetizam

Paramagnetism is a type of magnetism characterised by a positive magnetic susceptibility, so that the material becomes weakly magnetised in the direction of an external field. The magnetisation disappears when the field in removed.

PCl5 reaction    →   reakcija s PCl5

Reaction with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅) is a characteristic of organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group and this reaction is used to identify these compounds in an organic analysis.

differential thermal analysis    →   diferencijalna termalna analiza

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a technique that is often used to analyze materials that react or decompose at higher temperatures. The difference in temperature between the sample and an inert reference material is monitored as both are heated in a furnace. Phase transitions and chemical reactions taking place in the sample on heating cause the temperature difference to become larger, at temperatures that are characteristic of the sample.

electron configuration    →   elektronska konfiguracija

The electron configuration shows how many electrons there are in an atom or ion and their distribution along orbitals (see Table of electronic configuration of elements). Structure and all regularity in the periodic system depend upon electronic configuration of atoms of elements. Characteristics of elements mainly depend on electronic configuration of the outer shell. Refilling of the new electronic shell atoms of elements of similar electronic configuration emerge as well as in the previous shell, which adds up to periodicities of characteristics of elements.

energy    →   energija

Energy (E, U) is the characteristic of a system that enables it to do work. Like work itself, it is measured in joules (J).

The internal energy of a body is the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy of its component atoms and molecules.

Potential energy is the energy stored in a body or system as a consequence of its position, shape, or state (this includes gravitation energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy, and chemical energy).

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and is usually defined as the work that will be done by a body possessing the energy when it is brought to rest. For a body of mass m having a speed v, the kinetic energy is mv²/2. Kinetic energy is most clearly exhibited in gases, in which molecules have much greater freedom of motion than in liquids and solids.

In an isolated system energy can be transferred from one form to another but the total energy of the system remains constant.