CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

tar    →   katran

Tar is a brown or black bituminous material, liquid or semi-solid in consistency, gained as a product of dry distillation of natural fuels like wood, or other organic materials.

theories of catalysis    →   teorije katalize

Theories of catalysis explain the influence of the catalysts upon the rate of a reaction by describing the detailed mechanism by which the catalyst is involved in the steps of the chemical reaction.

accelerator    →   akcelerator

Accelerator is a device (machine) used for acceleration of charged particles (protons, deuterons, α-particles). Particles are accelerated under the influence of an electric field and with the help of a magnetic field are kept inside a certain space. When the particles reach enough acceleration (that is sufficient energy), they are directed on a target we wish to bomb. Best known types cyclotron, synchrotron, betatron.

Accelerator is a substance that increases the rate of chemical reaction, i.e. a catalyst.

activator    →   aktivator

Activator is a substance that increases the activity of a catalyst; for example, a substance that - by binding to an allosteric site on an enzyme - enables the active site of the enzyme to bind to the substrate.

alum    →   alaun

Alums are a group of isomorphic glacial double sulphates with the general formula

where M^I can be univalent cation K, Na, Rb, Cs, NH₄ or Tl, and M^III is trivalent Al, Cr, or Fe.

arginine    →   arginin

Arginine is an electrically charged amino acids with basic side chains. It is one of the least frequent amino acids. As a group the charged amino acids are important for making proteins soluble. These residues are generally located on the surface of the protein. Arginine is well designed to bind the phosphate anion, and is often found in the active centers of proteins that bind phosphorylated substrates. As a cation, arginine, as well as lysine, plays a role in maintaining the overall charge balance of a protein. Although arginine is considered an essential amino acid (it must be obtained through the diet), this is true only during the juvenile period in humans.

• Abbreviations: Arg, R
• IUPAC name: 2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
• Molecular formula: C₆H₁₄N₄O₂
• Molecular weight: 174.20 g/mol

autocatalysis    →   autokataliza

Autocatalysis is a reaction in which its product can act as a catalyst. Oxalate oxidation with permanganate in an acid solution is a slow reaction

Mn²⁺-ions catalyse this reaction. When enough Mn²⁺-ions are created, the reaction occurs instantly.

carboanhidrase    →   karboanhidraze

Carboanhidrase is an enzyme that catalyzes creation or decomposition of carbonic acid, regulates proportion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in the blood plasma.

carbolineum    →   karbolineum

Carbolineum is a mixture of ingredients of pit coal tar with the boiling point above 270 °C, red-brown oil with tar smell. It is a wood preservative.

carbonates    →   karbonati

Carbonates are compounds composed of metal cation and carbonate anion (CO₃^2-), salts of carbonic acid.