CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

antimony    →   antimon

Antimony has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word stibium meaning mineral stibnite. It is hard, brittle, silvery-white semimetal. Stable in dry air. Toxic by ingestion or inhalation. Antimony is found in stibnite (Sb₂S₃) and in valentinite (Sb₂O₃). It is alloyed with other metals to increase their hardness. Also in the manufacture of a few special types of semiconductor devices. Also in plastics and chemicals. A few kinds of over-the-counter cold and flu remedies use antimony compounds.

Avogadro constant    →   Avogadrova konstanta

Avogadro constant (N_A or L) is the number of elementary entities in one mole of a substance.

It has the value (6.022 045±0.000 031)×10²³ mol^-1.

barytes    →   barit

Barytes is an orthorhombic mineral, form barium sulphate, BaSO₄, the chief of barium. It is usually white but my also be yellow, grey or brown. Large deposits occur in Andalusia, Spain and in the USA.

base-centered monoclinic lattice    →   bazno centrirana monoklinska rešetka

Base-centered or side-centered or end-centered monoclinic lattice (monoclinic-C), like all lattices, has lattice points at the eight corners of the unit cell plus additional points at the centers of two parallel sides of the unit cell. It has unit cell vectors a≠b≠c, and interaxial angles α=γ=90°≠β.

basic liquid    →   matična otopina

Basic liquid is a liquid left after crystallizations.

Bravais lattice    →   Bravaisova rešetka

Bravais lattice is a set of points constructed by translating a single point in discrete steps by a set of basis vectors. The French crystallographer Auguste Bravais (1811-1863) established that in three-dimensional space only fourteen different lattices may be constructed. All crystalline materials recognised till now fit in one of these arrangements. The fourteen three-dimensional lattices, classified by crystal system, are shown to the bottom.

Crystal system	Bravais lattices
cubic a=b=c α=β=γ=90°
	simple cubic	body-centered cubic	face-centered cubic
tetragonal a=b≠c α=β=γ=90°
	simple tetragonal	body-centered tetragonal
orthorhombic a≠b≠c α=β=γ=90°
	simple orthorhombic	base-centered orthorhombic	body-centered orthorhombic	face-centered orthorhombic
monoclinic a≠b≠c α=γ=90°≠β
	simple monoclinic	base-centered monoclinic
hexagonal a=b≠c α=β=90° γ=120°
	hexagonal
rhombohedral a=b=c α=β=γ≠90°
	rhombohedral
triclinic a≠b≠c α≠β≠γ≠90°
	triclinic

calcination    →   kalciniranje

Calcination is a process of driving out crystal water from crystal salts by heating.

base-centered orthorhombic lattice    →   bazno centrirana ortorompska rešetka

Base-centered or side-centered or end-centered monoclinic lattice (orthorhombic-C), like all lattices, has lattice points at the eight corners of the unit cell plus additional points at the centers of two parallel sides of the unit cell. It has unit cell vectors a≠b≠c and interaxial angles α=β=γ=90°.

body-centered cubic lattice    →   prostorno centrirana kubična rešetka

Body-centered cubic lattice (bcc or cubic-I), like all lattices, has lattice points at the eight corners of the unit cell plus an additional points at the center of the cell. It has unit cell vectors a = b = c and interaxial angles α=β=γ=90°.

The simplest crystal structures are those in which there is only a single atom at each lattice point. In the bcc structures the spheres fill 68 % of the volume. The number of atoms in a unit cell is two (8 × 1/8 + 1 = 2). There are 23 metals that have the bcc lattice.

body-centered orthorhombic lattice    →   prostorno centrirana ortorompska rešetka

Body-centered orthorhombic lattice (orthorhombic-I), like all lattices, has lattice points at the eight corners of the unit cell plus an additional points at the center of the cell. It has unit cell vectors a≠b≠c and interaxial angles α=β=γ=90°.