Reactivity series or activity series is a series of elements (usually metals) ranked by their reactivity degree, made for comparison of reactions of elements with other substances, e.g. acids and oxygen.
Balmer series, Balmer lines is a series of lines in the emission spectrum of hydrogen that involve transitions to the n=2 state from states with n>2.
Decay series is a series of decay in which radioactive element is decomposed in different elements until it produces one stable atom.
Electrochemical series is a series of chemical elements arranged in order of their standard electrode potentials. The hydrogen electrode
is taken as having zero electrode potential. An electrode potential is, by definition, a reduction potential.
Elements that have a greater tendency than hydrogen to lose electrons to their solution are taken as electropositive; those that gain electrons from their solution are below hydrogen in the series and are called electronegative.
The series shows the order in which metals replace one another from their salts; electropositive metals will replace hydrogen from acids.
Series of compounds which have a common general formula and in which each member differs from the next member by a constant unit, which is the methylene group (-CH2-) is called the homologous series. Members of a homologous series are called homolog.
An example of the homologous series with some of their homologs are given below. Straight chain alkanes having general formula CnH2n+2
Structure | Name |
---|---|
CH4 | methane |
CH3-CH3 | ethane |
CH3-CH2-CH3 | propane |
CH3-CH2CH2CH3 | butane |
CH3-(CH2)3-CH3 | pentane |
CH3-(CH2)4-CH3 | hexane |
CH3-(CH2)5-CH3 | heptane |
CH3-(CH2)6-CH3 | octane |
CH3-(CH2)7-CH3 | nonane |
CH3-(CH2)8-CH3 | decane |
Lyman series is the series of lines in the spectrum of the hydrogen atom which corresponds to transitions between the ground state (principal quantum number n = 1) and successive excited states.
Paschen series are the series of lines in the spectrum of the hydrogen atom which corresponds to transitions between the state with principal quantum number n = 3 and successive higher states.
Radioactive series is a sequence of nuclides formed by successive radioactive decays until a stable decay product, the end product, is formed. A famous example of a radioactive series is the decay of uranium, which through a series of steps decays into stable lead.
Actinides (actinons or actinoids) are the fourteen elements from thorium to lawrencium inclusive, which follow actinium in the periodic table. The position of actinium is somewhat equivocal and, although not itself an actinide, it is often included with them for comparative purpose. The series includes the following elements: thorium (Th), protactinium (Pa), uranium (U), neptunium (Np), plutonium (Pu), amercium (Am), curium (Cm), berkelium (Bk), californium (Cf), einsteinium (Es), fermium (Fm), mendelevium (Md), nobelium (No) and lawrencium (Lr). Every known isotope of the actinide elements is radioactive. Traces of Pa, Np and Pu are consequently found, but only Th and U occur naturally to any useful extent.
Alkanes (paraffins) are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. In the systematic chemical nomenclature alkane names end in the suffix -ane. They form a homologous series (the alkane series) methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10), etc. The lower members of the series are gases; the high-molecular mass alkanes are waxy solid. Generaly the alkanes are fairly unreactive. They form haloalkanes with halogens when irradiated with ultraviolet radiation. Alkanes are present in natural gas and petroleum.
Generalic, Eni. "Fibonacci series logic." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
Glossary
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