CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
flammable limit → granica zapaljivosti
Flammable limits refer to the conditions under which a mixture of a flammable material and air may catch fire or explode. When vapour s of a flammable or combustible liquid are mixed with air in the proper proportions in the presence of a source of ignition, rapid combustion or an explosion can occur. The proper proportion is called the flammable range and is also often referred to as the explosive range. The flammable range includes all concentrations of flammable vapour or gas in air, in which a flash will occur or a flame will travel if the mixture is ignited.
The lower flammable limit (LEL) or the lower explosive limit is the lowest concentration of a flammable vapour or gas in air that will propagate a flame from an ignition source. The upper flammable limit (UEL) or the upper explosive limit is the highest concentration of a flammable vapour or gas in air that will propagate a flame from an ignition source. Any concentration between these limits can ignite or explode.
Peltier effect → Peltierov efekt
Peltier effect is the absorption or generation of heat (depending on the current direction) which occurs when an electric current is passed through a junction between two materials.
strong electrolyte → jaki elektrolit
Strong electrolytes are those electrolytes which in water solutions completely dissociate into their ions. They conduct electric current very well.
fuel cell → gorivi članak
Fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It is different from a battery in that the energy conversion continues as long as fuel and oxidising agent are fed to the fuel cell; that is, in principle indefinitely. (A battery is manufactured with a limited amount of chemicals, and it is exhausted when all the chemicals have reacted.) It is a galvanic cell where spontaneous chemical reactions occur at the electrodes. The fuel is oxidised at the anode, and the oxidising agent (almost always oxygen or air) is reduced at the cathode. Presently, the most commonly used fuel is hydrogen. More conventional fuels (e.g., petrol or natural gas) must be converted (reformed) into hydrogen before they can be utilised in a fuel cell.
Some fuel cells employ an aqueous solution as electrolyte, that can be either acidic or basic (alkaline), or an ion-exchange membrane soaked in aqueous solution can act as the electrolyte. These fuel cells operate at relatively low temperatures (from room temperature to not much above the boiling point of water). Some fuel cells employ molten salts (especially carbonates) as electrolytes and have to operate at temperatures of several hundred degrees centigrade (Celsius). Others employ ionically conductive solids as electrolyte and must operate close to 1 000 °C.
superconductivity → supravodljivost
Superconductivity is the phenomenon in which certain metals, alloys, and compounds below a certain temperature, the transition point (Tc), lose electrical resistance and magnetic permeability, i.e. have infinite electrical conductivity (Meissner effect and Josephson effect).
superconductor → supervodič
Superconductor is a material that experiences a nearly total loss of electrical resistivity below a critical temperature Tc.
temperature rating → temperaturno područje
Temperature rating is the maximum and minimum temperature at which the material may be used in continuous operation without loss of its basic properties. For example, temperature ratings are often quoted for electrical insulators, specifying the maximum temperature at which they provide adequate protection against electrical breakdown.
thermodynamics → termodinamika
Thermodynamics is the scientific study of the interconversion of heat and other forms of energy.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Električno polje." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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