CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

electrophoresis    →   elektroforeza

Electrophoresis is a technique for the analysis and separation of colloids, based on the movement of charged colloidal particles in an electric field. The migration is toward electrodes of charge opposite to that of the particles. The rate of migration of the particles depends on the field, the charge on the particles, and on other factors, such as the size and shape of the particles.

Electrophoresis is important in the study of proteins. The acidity of the solution can be used to control the direction in which a protein moves upon electrophoresis.

polar solvent    →   polarno otapalo

Polar solvent is a liquid with polar molecules which dissolves polar compounds, because the charges on the endings of the solvent’s molecules attract the elements from ion crystals.

positron    →   pozitron

Positron is the antiparticle of the electron. It has the same mass and spin as an electron, and an equal but opposite charge.

seaborgium    →   seaborgij

Seaborgium was discovered by workers at the Nuclear Institute at Dubna (USSR) and by workers at the University of California, Berkeley (USA) in 1974. Named in honour of Glenn T. Seaborg, American nuclear chemist and Nobel prize winner. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Seaborgium was made by bombarding californium-249 with oxygen-18.

Fajans’ rules    →   Fajansova pravila

Fajans’ rules, formulated by American chemist of Polish origin. Kazimierz Fajans (1887-1975), indicating the extent to which an ionic bond has covalent character caused by polarisation of the ions. Covalent character is more likely if:

1. the charge of the ions is high;

2. the positive ion is small or the negative ion is large;

3. the positive ion has an outer electron configuration that is not a noble- gas configuration.

Faraday’s laws of electrolysis    →   Faradayevi zakoni elektrolize

Faraday’s laws of electrolysis are two laws found by British chemist and physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867) in his experiments on electrolysis:

1. The quantity of matter extracted on the electrode is proportional to the quantity of charge (Q = I·t) which has flown in electrolysis time.

where z = number of electrons changed in reaction and F = Faraday’s constant which equals 96 487 C mol^-1.

2. The masses of the elements liberated by the same quantity of electricity are directly proportional to their chemical equivalents.

96 487 C will discharge 1 mol Ag and 1/2 mol Cu. The relevant half reactions are:

ferrite    →   ferit

Ferrites are ceramic materials of the nominal formula MO·Fe₂O₃, where M is a divalent metal (Co, Mn, NI, or Zn). The ferrites show either ferrimagnetism or ferromagnetism, but are not electrical conductors, and they are used in high-frequency circuits as magnetic cores, in rectifiers on memory and record tapes, and various related uses in radio, television, radar, computers, and automatic control systems.

transumutation    →   transmutacija

Transmutation is the conversion of one element into another by a process taking place in the nucleus.

trituim    →   tricij

Tritium (heavy hydroegn) is a radioisotope of hydrogen with two neutrons and one proton in its nucleus.

valence    →   valencija

Valence is the charge on an ion based on the number of electrons transferred or shared within a specific structure. For example, in H₂O, oxygen has a valence of 2, carbon in CH₄ has a valence of four.