CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

Bohr magneton    →   Bohrov magneton

Bohr magneton (μ_B) is the atomic unit of magnetic moment, defined as

where h is Planck’s constant, m_e the electron mass, and e the elementary charge. It is the moment associated with a single electron spin.

capacitor    →   kondenzator

Capacitor is a device that stores electric charges. The symbol for a capacitor in electric circuit schemes is —| |—.

chain reaction    →   lančana reakcija

Chain reaction is a reaction done in three steps: initiation in which usually radicals are made which react with other molecules in stage of propagation and, when all reactants are spent, it ends by termination when all available radicals are completely spent.

Nuclear chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons released in fission produce an additional fission in at least one further nucleus. Nuclear power plants operate by precisely controlling the rate at which nuclear reactions occur. On the other hand, nuclear weapons are specifically engineered to produce a reaction that is so fast and intense it cannot be controlled after it has started.

coagulation    →   koaguliranje

Coagulation is a process of colloid particles merging into bigger ones. By removing the charge form a colloid ion, by increasing the temperature or by increasing electrolyte concentration, colloid particles will gather into bigger groups precipitate will emerge. Precipitate that is formed in this way (coagulate) is amorphic and considerably polluted with adsorbed pollutants.

cosmic rays    →   kozmičke zrake

Cosmic rays are high energy (10¹⁵ eV- 10¹⁷ eV) nuclear particles, electrons, and photons, originating mostly outside the solar system, which continually bombard the Earth’s atmosphere.

deuterium    →   deuterij

Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen that contains one neutron and one proton in its nucleus.

colloid ion    →   koloidni ion

Colloid ions emerge when colloid particles adsorb certain type of ion from solution and thus become charged with the same charge. The charge can also originate form a chemical reaction of colloid particle’s surface. Colloid ions formed by absorption of silver chloride particle can be show as follows:

Adsorbed layer is monomolecular (one molecule thick) and which type of ion will be formed depends upon which ions are present in a greater number in the solution in. Because of this colloid particles are charged with the same charge, mutual repelling occurs, and the colloid solution becomes stable. Colloid charge can be determined by electrophoresis.

coulomb    →   kulon

Coulomb (C) is the SI unit of electric charge. It is equal to the charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one second (C = A s). The unit was named after the French physicist C. A. Coulomb (1736-1806).

Coulomb’s law    →   Coulombov zakon

Coulomb’s law is the statement that the force F between two electrical charges q₁ and q₂ separated by a distance r is

where ε_o is the permittivity of a vacuum, equal to

covalent bond    →   kovalentna veza

Covalent bond is a chemical bond between two atoms whose stability results from the sharing of two electrons, one from each atom (H· + ·H = H:H or H-H).