CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

condensation    →   kondenzacija

1. Condensation is a process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state, usually done by cooling.

2. Condensation, in colloid systems, is a process where smaller particle join in one colloid size particle

3. Condensation, in chemical terms, is a sort of chemical reaction in which small molecules like water, carbon dioxide, or ammonia single out.

condensational polymerisation    →   kondenzacijska polimerizacija

Condensational polymerisation is a reaction of polymerisation in which monomers together create a polymer by losing small molecules like water.

copolymer    →   kopolimer

Copolymers are also known as heteropolymers. They are made from two (or more) different monomers, which usually undergo a condensation reaction with the elimination of a simple molecule, such as ammonia or water. A typical example is the condensation of 1,6-diaminohexane (hexamethylenediamine) with hexanedioic acid (adipic acid) to form nylon 6,6.

The properties of a polymeric plastic can most easily be modified if it is a copolymer of two or more different monomers, e.g. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). Varying the proportions of the component monomers can preselect its properties.

oxime    →   oksim

Oximes are organic compounds of structure R₂C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.

polyamide    →   poliamid

Polyamides are copolymers formed by condensation polymerization of monomers of dycarboxyl acid with a monomer of diamine, for example nylon.

polycondensational polymer    →   polikondenzacijski polimer

Polycondensational polymers are compounds which are obtained by condensation polymerization with successive repetitions of the condensation reaction.

polyester    →   poliester

Polyesters are copolymers formed by condensation polymerization of dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid) and a dialcohol, also called a diol (ethylene glycol).

Schiff base    →   Schiffova baza

Schiff base is a class of compounds derived by the chemical reaction (condensation) of aldehydes or ketones with aromatic amines, for example

They were named after the German chemist Hugo Schiff (1834-1915).

superfluid helium    →   superfluidni helij

Superfluidity in helium-4 was discovered in 1938 by the Soviet physicist Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa. Helium-4 exhibits superfluidity when it is cooled below 2.18 K (-270.97 C), which is called the lambda (λ) point. At these temperatures, helium-4 exhibits the characteristics of two distinct fluids, one of which appears to flow without friction. An extensive series of experiments showed that in this state of helium, called helium II (He II), there is an apparent enormous rise in heat conductivity, at an increase rate of about three million. Another unusual property of He II is its mobile, rapid flow through capillaries or over the rim of its containment vessel as a thin film that exhibits no measurable viscosity and appears unaffected by the forces of gravity or evaporation and condensation.