CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

anion    →   anion

Anion is a negatively charged atomic or molecular particle.

anion exchange    →   anionski izmjenjivač

An anionic resin has negative ions built into its structure and therefore exchanges positive ions. In an anion exchange, the side groups are ionised basic groups, such as (-NH₂, -NRH, -NR₂, -NR₃⁺) to which anions OH^- are attached. The exchange reaction is one in which different anions in the solution displace the OH^- from the solid.

acid radical    →   kiseli radikal

Acid radical is an anion left after removal of hydrogen atoms from an acid.

anode    →   anoda

Anode is the electrode at which oxidation occurs in a cell. Anions migrate to the anode.

Anode is a positive electrode on which reaction of oxidation is developed (loss of electrons).

arginine    →   arginin

Arginine is an electrically charged amino acids with basic side chains. It is one of the least frequent amino acids. As a group the charged amino acids are important for making proteins soluble. These residues are generally located on the surface of the protein. Arginine is well designed to bind the phosphate anion, and is often found in the active centers of proteins that bind phosphorylated substrates. As a cation, arginine, as well as lysine, plays a role in maintaining the overall charge balance of a protein. Although arginine is considered an essential amino acid (it must be obtained through the diet), this is true only during the juvenile period in humans.

• Abbreviations: Arg, R
• IUPAC name: 2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
• Molecular formula: C₆H₁₄N₄O₂
• Molecular weight: 174.20 g/mol

carbonates    →   karbonati

Carbonates are compounds composed of metal cation and carbonate anion (CO₃^2-), salts of carbonic acid.

electrode of the second kind    →   elektroda drugog reda

Electrodes of the second kind are metal electrodes assembly with the equilibrium potential being a function of the concentration of an anion in the solution. Typical examples are the silver/silver-chloride electrode and the calomel electrode. The potential of the metal is controlled by the concentration of its cation in the solution, but this, in turn, is controlled by the anion concentration in the solution through the solubility product of the slightly soluble metal salt. Contrast with electrode of the first kind and electrode of the third kind.

ion    →   ion

Ion is an atomic or molecular particle having a net electric charge. Positively charged ions are cations, negatively charged ones anions.

nitrite    →   nitrit

Nitrite are hard ionic compounds that contain anion (NO₂^-) and cation of metal. They are usually reducing agents.

peroxide    →   peroksid

Peroxides are compounds of structure ROOR in which R may be any organic group. In inorganic chemistry, salts of the anion O₂^2-. They are strong oxidising agents.