CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

IUPAC    →   IUPAC

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is a non-governmental organization of member countries that encompasses more than 85% of the world’s chemical sciences and industries. It was formed in 1919 with the object of facilitating international agreement and uniform practice in both academic and industrial aspects of chemistry.

joule    →   džul

Joule (J) is the SI derived unit of energy, work, and heat. The joule is the work done when the point of application of a force of one newton is displaced a distance of one metre in the direction of the force (J = N m). The unit was named after the British scientist James Prescott Joule (1818-1889).

kaoline    →   kaolin

Kaoline is fine, usually white clay, formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals, used in ceramics.

Fehling’s test    →   Fehlingova otopina

Fehling’s test is a chemical test to detect reducing sugars and aldehydes in a solution, devised by the German chemist Hermann Christian von Fehling (1812-1885). Fehling’s solution consists of Fehling’s A (copper(II) sulphate solution) and Fehling’s B (sodium tartarate solution), equal amounts of which are added to the test solution. After boiling, a positive result is indicated by the formation of a brick-red precipitate of copper(I) oxide. Methanal, being a strong reducing agent, also produces copper metal; ketones do not react. The test is now rarely used, having been replaced by Benedict’s test.

ferrite    →   ferit

Ferrites are ceramic materials of the nominal formula MO·Fe₂O₃, where M is a divalent metal (Co, Mn, NI, or Zn). The ferrites show either ferrimagnetism or ferromagnetism, but are not electrical conductors, and they are used in high-frequency circuits as magnetic cores, in rectifiers on memory and record tapes, and various related uses in radio, television, radar, computers, and automatic control systems.

ferromagnetism    →   feromagnetizam

Ferromagnetism is a type of magnetism in which the magnetic moments of atoms in a solid are aligned within domains which can in turn be aligned with each other by a weak magnetic field. The total magnetic moment of a sample of the substance is the vector sum of the magnetic moments of the component domains. In an unmagnetized piece of ferromagnetic material the magnetic moments of the domains themselves are not aligned; when an external field is applied those domains that are aligned with the field increase in size at the expense of the others. Ferromagnetic materials can retain their magnetisation when the external field is removed, as long as the temperature is below a critical value, the Curie temperature. They are characterised by a large positive magnetic susceptibility.

filter paper    →   filtar papir

Filter paper is a quantitative paper used for filtering and made of pure cellulose treated with hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid. This kind of paper burns out practically without any remains (less than 0.0001 g ashes). Different types of paper are marked with numbers; qualitative bears marking 595 or 597 and quantitative 589 or 590. Dependable upon precipitate character, different types of filter paper are used:

• black band (589¹) - 100 mL of fluid flows through it in 20 s to 30 s. It is used for filtering of gelatinous precipitates.
• white band (589²) - 100 mL of fluid flows through it in 40 s to 60 s. It is used for coarse crystalline precipitates filtration.
• blue band (589³) - 100 mL of fluid flows through it in 200 s to 400 s. It is used for fine crystalline precipitates.

keratin    →   keratin

Keratin is an insoluble protein that is the major constituent of the outer layer of the skin, nails, and hair. It contains greater amounts of amino acid called cystine.

ketose    →   ketoze

Ketose is any monosaccharide sugar that contains a ketone (carbonyl) group.

kinematics    →   kinematika

Kinematics is the classification and comparison of motions.