CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

anode    →   anoda

Anode is the electrode at which oxidation occurs in a cell. Anions migrate to the anode.

Anode is a positive electrode on which reaction of oxidation is developed (loss of electrons).

anodising    →   anodizacija

Anodising is a method of coating objects made of aluminium with a protective oxide film, by making them the anode in an electrolytic bath containing an oxidising electrolyte. Anodising can also be used to produce a decorative finish by formation of an oxide layer that can absorb a coloured dye.

antacid    →   antacid

Antacid is any mildly alkaline substance, such as sodium bicarbonate, taken internally or in water solution to neutralize excess stomach acidity.

antioxidant    →   antioksidans

Antioxidants are compounds that slow down oxidation processes that degrade foods, fuels, rubber, plastic, and other materials. Antioxidants like butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), are added to food to prevent fats from becoming rancid and to minimize decomposition of vitamins and essential fatty acids; they work by scavenging destructive free radicals from the food.

aluminium    →   aluminij

Aluminium was discovered by Friedrich Wöhler (Germany) in 1827. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word alumen meaning alum. It is soft, lightweight, silvery-white metal. Exposed surfaces quickly form protective oxide coating. Metal reacts violently with oxidants. Third most abundant element in the earth’s crust. Aluminium is the most abundant metal to be found in the earth’s crust, but is never found free in nature. Aluminium is obtained by electrolysis from bauxite. Used for many purposes from airplanes to beverage cans. Too soft in its pure form so less than 1 % of silicon or iron is added, which hardens and strengthens it.

amount concentration    →   količinska koncentracija

Amount concentration (also called molar concentration and in older literature molarity) is the amount of a given substance in a stated unit of a mixture, solution, or ore. The common unit is mole per cubic decimetre (moldm⁻³) or mole per litre (molL^-1) sometimes denoted by M.

The concentration of an atom, ion, or molecule in a solution may be symbolised by the use of square brackets, as [Ca²⁺].

amount fraction    →   količinski udio

Amount fraction, x_A, (y for gaseous mixtures) is the ratio of the amount of substance (number of moles) of substance A to the total amount of substance in a mixture.

ampere    →   amper

Ampere (A) is the SI base unit of electric current.

The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 metre apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2×10^-7 newton per metre of length.

antiparticle    →   antičestica

Antiparticle is a particle having the same mass as a given elementary particle and a charge equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.

arenes    →   areni

Arenes are monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.