CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

light scattering    →   raspršenje

Light scattering is a type of diffuse reflection. When light strikes a rough surface, small flat areas are almost comparable to the wavelength, so the light scatters.

Pauling scale    →   Paulingova skala

Pauling scale is a numerical scale of electronegativities based on bond-energy calculations for different elements joined by covalent bonds. Electronegativity is the power of an atom when in a molecule to attract eletrons to itself. Fluorine is the most electronegative element with a Pauling electronegativity value of 4.

Rayleigh scattering    →   Rayleighovo rasipanje

Rayleigh scattering is the scattering of light by particles which are much smaller than the wavelength of light.

scavenger    →   čistači

Scavenger is a reagent that removes a trace component from a system or that removes a reactive intermediate from a reaction.

Celsius temperature scale    →   Celsiusova temperaturna skala

For value of zero in Celsius temperature scale the freezing point of water at a pressure of 101 325 Pa is taken. The boiling point of water at a pressure of 101 325 Pa is taken as another reference point. This range is divided into 100 equal parts, and each part is an equivalent to 1 °C. Units of Celsius temperature scale (°C) and thermodynamic temperature scale (K) are identical

1 °C = 1 K.

Fahrenheit scale    →   Fahrenheitova skala

Fahrenheit scale is the temperature scale in which 212 degrees is the boiling point of water and 32 degrees is the freezing point of water. The scale was invented in 1714 by the German physicist G.D. Fahrenheit (1686-1736).

32 °F = 0 °C
212 °F = 100 °C
1 °F =(5/9) °C
T(°C) = (5/9)[T(°F) - 32]
T(°F) = (9/5)T(°C) + 32

kilogram    →   kilogram

Kilogram (kg) is the SI base unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram.

The prototype of the standard is a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy (90:10), 39 mm in diameter and 39 mm high. Prototype of the kilogram kept by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) at Sèevres, near Paris.

logarithmic scale    →   logaritamska skala

Logarithmic scale is the one in which values of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, in fact represents values of 1, 10, 100, 1 000, 10 000. Logarithmic scales are often used to simplify graphs and tables, where otherwise changes of data at the lower end of the scale would be difficult to distinguish (e.g. a graph axis which would normally have values from 1 - 1 000 000 is shown by values of 1 - 7). An example of a logarithmic scale is the pH scale.

Moh’s scale    →   Mohsova skala

Mohs’ scale of mineral hardness characterises the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer. It was created by the German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs (1773-1839). Mohs based the scale on the ten readily available minerals.

scandium    →   skandij

Scandium was discovered by Lars Fredrik Nilson (Sweden) in 1879. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word Scandia meaning Scandinavia. It is fairly soft, silvery-white metal. Burns easily. Tarnishes readily in air. Reaction with water releases hydrogen. Reacts with air and halogens. Scandium occurs mainly in the minerals thortveitile (~34 % scandium) and wiikite. Also in some tin and tungsten ores. Pure scandium is obtained as a by-product of uranium refining. Scandium metal is used in some aerospace applications. Scandium oxide (Sc₂O₂) is used in the manufacture of high-intensity electric lamps. Scandium iodide (ScI₃) is used in lamps that produce light having a colour closely matching natural sunlight.