CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

Balmer series    →   Balmerova serija

Balmer series, Balmer lines is a series of lines in the emission spectrum of hydrogen that involve transitions to the n=2 state from states with n>2.

blast furnace    →   visoka peć

Blast furnace is a furnace for smelting of iron from iron oxide ores (hematite, Fe₂O₃ or magnetite, Fe₃O₄). Coke, limestone and iron ore are poured in the top, which would normally burn only on the surface. The hot air blast to the furnace burns the coke and maintains the very high temperatures that are needed to reduce the ore to iron. The reaction between air and the fuel generates carbon monoxide. This gas reduces the iron(III) oxide in the ore to iron.

Because the furnace temperature is in the region of 1500 °C, the metal is produced in a molten state and this runs down to the base of the furnace.

The production of iron in a blast furnace is a continuous process. The furnace is heated constantly and is re-charged with raw materials from the top while it is being tapped from the bottom. Iron making in the furnace usually continues for about ten years before the furnace linings have to be renewed.

evaporation    →   isparavanje

Evaporation is the change of state of a liquid into a vapour at a temperature below the boiling point of the liquid.

Fermi level    →   Fermijev nivo

Fermi level is the highest energy of occupied states in a solid at zero temperature. The Fermi level in conductors lies in the conduction band, in insulators it lies in the valence band, and in semiconductors it falls in the gap between the conduction band and the valence band. It was named after the Italian physicst Enrico Fermi (1901 - 1954).

ferric    →   feri

Ferric is the term or prefix used to denote compounds of iron in which iron is in the trivalent, Fe(III), state, for example, ferric chloride, FeCl₃.

ferrous    →   fero

Ferrous is the term or prefix used to denote compounds of iron in which iron is in the divalent, Fe(II), state, for example, ferrous sulfate, FeSO₄.

Fick’s law    →   Fickov zakon

Fick’s law is the statement that the flux J of a diffusing substance is proportional to the concentration gradient, i.e.,

where D is called the diffusion coefficient.

Bohr atom    →   Bohrov atom

Bohr atom is a model of the atom that explains emission and absorption of radiation as transitions between stationary electronic states in which the electron orbits the nucleus at a definite distance. The Bohr model violates the Heisenberg uncertainty principle since it postulates definite paths and moment for electrons as they move around the nucleus. Modern theories usually use atomic orbitals to describe the behaviour of electrons in atoms.

Boyle’s law    →   Boyleov zakon

Boyle’s law (sometimes referred to as the Boyle-Mariott’s law) is the empirical law, exact only for an ideal gas, which states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.

Charles’ law    →   Charlesov zakon

The volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure expand by the constant fraction of its volume at 0 °C. For each Celsius or kelvin degree its temperature is raised. For any ideal gas fraction it is approximately 1/273. This can be expressed by the equation

were V° is the volume at 0°C and V is its volume at t°C.

This is equivalent to the statement that the volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure is proportional to its thermodynamic temperature

This law also know as Gay-Lussac’s law.

An equation similar to the one given above applies to pressures for ideal gases: