CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

Acheson process    →   Achesonov proces

Acheson process is an industrial process to synthesize graphite and silicon carbide (carborundum), named after its inventor the American chemist Edward Goodrich Acheson (1856-1931). In this process, a solid-state reaction between pure silica sand (SiO₂) and petroleum coke (C) at very high temperature (more than 2500 °C) leads to the formation of silicon carbide under the general reaction:

While studying the effects of high temperature on carborundum, Acheson had found that silicon vaporizes at about 4150 °C, leaving behind graphitic carbon.

Allihn condenser    →   Allihnovo hladilo

Allihn condenser or bulb condenser consists of an outer water jacket and the inner glass tube with a series of spherical bubbles to maximize the thermal contact with the cooling water. It is named after its inventor, the German chemist Felix Richard Allihn (1854-1915).

Avogadro, Amadeo    →   Avogadro, Amadeo

Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856) is an Italian chemist and physicist that proposed a correct molecular explanation for Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes. His work provided a simple way to determine atomic weights and molecular weights of gases. He is published a theory about the movement of particles in gases that became known as Avogadro’s Law.

Avogadro’s law    →   Avogadrov zakon

Avogadro’s law: Equal volumes of all gases contain equal numbers of molecules at the same pressure and temperature. The law, often called Avogadro’s hypothesis, is true only for ideal gases. It was proposed in 1811 by Italian chemist Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856).

becquerel    →   bekerel

Becquerel (Bq) is the SI derived unit, with a special name, for radioactivity, equal to s^-1. It describes a radioactivity of an amount of radionuclide decaying at the rate, on average, of one spontaneous nuclear transition per second. The unit was named after the French scientist Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) (disintegrations per unit time), equal to s^-1.

Brownian motion    →   Braunovo gibanje

Brownian motion is the continuous random movement of small particles suspended in a fluid, which arise from collisions with the fluid molecules. First observed by the British botanist R. Brown (1773-1858) when studying pollen particles. The effect is also visible in particles of smoke suspended in a gas.

frequency    →   frekvencija

Frequency (ν) is the number of cycles of a periodic phenomenon divided by time. Hertz (Hz) is the SI derived unit, with a special name, for frequency, equal to s^-1. It was named after the German scientist Heinrich Hertza (1857-1894).

hertz    →   herc

Hertz (Hz) is the SI derived unit, with a special name, for frequency. The hertz is the frequency of a periodic phenomenon of which the period is one second (Hz = 1 s^-1). It was named after the German scientist Heinrich Hertza (1857 - 1894).

Le Chatelier’s principle    →   Le Chatelierov princip

The idea that a system at equilibrium will respond to a stress placed upon it in such a manner as to partially offset that stress. The principle was first stated in 1888 by the French physical chemist Henri Le Chatelier (1850-1936).

nautical mile    →   morska milja

Nautical mile is a legal international unit of length temporarily maintained with the SI. It is still used in navigation (merchant marine, aviation). It is equal to the length of an arc of one minute measured at a latitude of N 45° (mile = 1852 m). The international nautical mile has been taken equal to the nautical mile.