CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
helium → helij
Helium was discovered by Pierre Jules César Janssen (France) and Sir William Ramsay (Scotland) in 1868. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word helios meaning sun. It is light, odourless, colourless inert gas. Second most abundant element in the universe. Helium is found in natural gas deposits from wells in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. Used in balloons, deep sea diving and welding. Also used in very low temperature research.
Hooke’s law → Hookeov zakon
Hooke’s law stating that the deformation of a body is proportional to the magnitude of the deforming force, provided that the body’s elastic limit (see elasticity) is not exceeded. If the elastic limit is not reached, the body will return to its original size once the force is removed. The law was discovered by English physicist Robert Hooke in 1676.
If a body on elastic spring is displaced from its equilibrium position (i.e. if the spring is stretched or compressed), a restitution force tries to return the body back in its equilibrium position. The magnitude of that force is proportional to the displacement of the body
Where F is the restitutional (elastic) force, x is the displacement of the body and k is the spring constant, which depends on dimensions, shape and material of the spring.
infrared spectroscopy → infracrvena spektroskopija
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a technique used for determining the structure (and sometimes concentration) of molecules by observing how infrared radiation is absorbed by a sample.
metabolism → metabolizam
Metabolism is a sum of all chemical and physiological processes by which the body builds and maintains itself. It is a process of building the body’s molecular structures from nutrients (anabolism) and breaking them down for energy (catabolism).
photon → foton
Photon is an elementary particle of zero mass and spin 1/2. The photon is involved in electromagnetic interactions and is the quantum of electromagnetic radiation. The photon may also be regarded as a unit of energy equal to
where h is Planck constant and ν is the frequency of the radiation.
inertia → inercija
Inertia is an expression for the tendency of all bodies to resist motion, or to continue in motion if already moving. If a body undergoes linear motion (translation), inertia corresponds to the mass of the body. In order to express inertia of a rotating body, the so-called rotational inertia is defined as suitable physical quantity. A bowling ball has more inertia than a tennis ball, due to its higher mass.
kinetic energy → kinetička energija
Kinetic energy (Ek) is associated with the state of motion of a body. It is a scalar property and defined to be
Kinetic energy is most clearly exhibited in gases, in which molecules have much greater freedom of motion than in liquids and solids.
Knudsen’s pipette → Knudsenova pipeta
Kudsen's automatic pipette, developed by the Danish physicist Martin Knudsen (1871-1949), allows quick and accurate transfer of a constant volume of liquid (sea water), usually around 15 mL. On the top of pipette is a double sided C vent that can establish flow between the body of the pipette and one of the branches (A or B), or isolate the body of the pipette from both of the branches. Sucking through the B branch the pipette is filled with liquid, it is closed with a twist of the C valve and the liquid is released by rotating the valve towards the A branch (so atmospheric air can enter the pipette). Emptying the pipette takes around 30 seconds. Before it's first use, the pipette must be calibrated with distilled water.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Zračenje crnog tijela." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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