CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
mineral oils → mineralna ulja
Mineral oils are oily liquids that are composed of hydrocarbons and are obtained as a product of petroleum, tar, coal, wood etc. distillation. They are used as lubricants.
molar enthalpy of evaporation → molarna entalpija isparavanja
Molar enthalpy of evaporation (Δl gH) is a change of enthalpy during evaporation divided by molarity of a liquid, and is equal to the heat energy spent when the evaporation is conducted under constant pressure, Δl gH=Q.
filtration → filtriranje
Filtration is a procedure in which liquids are separated from the precipitate by passing a suspension through the filter. The precipitate remains on the filter and through it the filtrate passes. Gaseous heterogeneous mixtures can also be filtrated.
foam → pjena
Foams are dispersions of gases in liquids or solids. The gas globule may be of any size, from colloidal to macroscopic, as in soap bubbles. Bakers’ bread and sponge rubber are examples of solid foams. Typical liquid foams are those used in fire-fighting, shaving creams, etc. Foams made by mechanical incorporation of air are widely used in the food industry (e.g. whipped cream, egg white, ice cream, etc.). Foams can be stabilized by surfactants.
fractional distillation → frakcijska destilacija
Fractional distillation is a procedure in which liquids of close boiling points are separated. It is conducted in fraction or rectification columns in a way that vapour phase created by distillation is condensed and the condensate thus obtained is redistilled. The procedure is repeated several times. Vapour phase always contains more volatile component than the liquid phase, at top of the column vapour of clean volatile component gets out and at the bottom of the column liquid of nonvolatile component.
freon → freon
Freon (chlorofluorocarbon, CFC) a type of compound in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of hydrocarbon (usually an alkane) have been replaced by chlorine and fluorine atoms. Most CFC are chemically uncreative and are stable at high temperatures. They are used as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, and solvents, and in the manufacture of rigid packaging foam. CFC because of their chemical inertness, can diffuse unchanged into the upper atmosphere. Here, photochemical reactions cause them to break down and react with ozone. For his reason, their use has been discouraged.
neon → neon
Neon was discovered by Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers (England) in 1898. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word neon meaning new. It is colourless, odourless inert gas. Non-reactive even with fluorine. Fourth most abundant element in the universe. Neon is obtained by liquefaction of air and separated from the other gases by fractional distillation. Primarily for lighting.
Newtonian fluid → Newtonski fluid
Newtonian fluid is a fluid whose viscosity does not depend on gradients in flow speed. Gases and low-molecular weight liquids are usually Newtonian fluids.
non-polar solvent → nepolarno otapalo
Non-polar solvent is a liquid with non-polar molecules. It dissolves covalent compounds, non-water solvent.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Tekuće agregatno stanje." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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