CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

gas    →   plin

Gas is a state of matter, in which the mollecules move freely and consequently the entire mass tends to expand indefinitely, occupying the total volume of any vessel into which it is introduced. Gases follow, within considerable degree of fidelity, certain laws relating their conditions of pressure, volume and temperature. Gases mix freely with each other, and they can be liquefied through compression or temperature reduction.

vapour    →   para

Vapour is the gaseous state of some matter which can be converted into liquid when exposed to pressure.

absorbed dose    →   apsorbirana doza

For any ionising radiation, absorbed dose (D) is the mean energy imparted to an element of irradiated matter divided by the mass of that element.

absorption    →   apsorpcija

Absorption is a phenomenon that occurs when matter crosses from one phase to another passing through the border surface and in the other phase more or less monotonously distributes itself in a concentration higher than the one within the first phase.

abundance of elements    →   rasprostranjenost elemenata

Elements in nature are mostly found in different compounds and, rarely, in the free (elementary) state. In Earth’s crust the most abundant of all elements is oxygen (with 49.5 %), then silicon (25 %), aluminium (7.5 %), iron (4.7 %), calcium (3.4 %), sodium (2.6 %), potassium (2.4 %), magnesium (1.9 %) and hydrogen (1.9 %). These nine elements make up almost 99 % of the Earth’s composition.

accumulation    →   akumulacija

Accumulation (Lat. accumulatio) is storage of matter or energy.

Acheson process    →   Achesonov proces

Acheson process is an industrial process to synthesize graphite and silicon carbide (carborundum), named after its inventor the American chemist Edward Goodrich Acheson (1856-1931). In this process, a solid-state reaction between pure silica sand (SiO₂) and petroleum coke (C) at very high temperature (more than 2500 °C) leads to the formation of silicon carbide under the general reaction:

While studying the effects of high temperature on carborundum, Acheson had found that silicon vaporizes at about 4150 °C, leaving behind graphitic carbon.

adrenaline    →   adrenalin

Adrenaline was the first naturally produced hormone to be isolated in its pure state. It is known as epinephrine, but its chemical name is 1-[3,4-dihydroxyphenol]-2-methylaminoethanol. Adrenaline is a hormone, produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands, that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing to prepare the body for "fright, flight, or fight". At the same time it inhibits digestion and excretion.

aqueous solution    →   vodena otopina

Aqueous solutions are those solutions where water is the solvent. An aqueous solution found in an equation describing a chemical reaction is denoted by the state symbol, (aq).

ash    →   pepeo

Ash is an inorganic part of some matter or mixture which remains after the organic part has burnt up.