CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

evaporation    →   isparavanje

Evaporation is the change of state of a liquid into a vapour at a temperature below the boiling point of the liquid.

explosion    →   eksplozija

Explosion is a rapid violent chemical reaction that produces large amounts of gas and heat, accompanied by light, sound and a high-pressure shock wave.

Coulomb’s law    →   Coulombov zakon

Coulomb’s law is the statement that the force F between two electrical charges q₁ and q₂ separated by a distance r is

where ε_o is the permittivity of a vacuum, equal to

coulometer    →   kulometar

Coulometer is a type of electrolysis cell which is used for measuring the quantity of one element released during electrolysis.

covalent bond    →   kovalentna veza

Covalent bond is a chemical bond between two atoms whose stability results from the sharing of two electrons, one from each atom (H· + ·H = H:H or H-H).

cracking    →   krekiranje

Cracking is the process whereby heavy molecules of petroleum or crude oil are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process).

farad    →   farad

Farad (F) is the SI derived unit of electric capacitance. The farad is the capacitance of an electric capacitor between the two plates of which there appears a difference of electric potential of one volt when it is charged by a quantity of electricity equal to one coulomb (F = C/V). The unit was named after the British scientist M. Faraday (1791-1867).

Faraday cage    →   Faradayev kavez

Faraday cage is a container giving protection from electrical fields: an assembly of conducting material, for example, metal mesh or grid, placed around electrical equipment to protect it from external electrical fields. Faraday cages are named after the English scientist Michael Faraday (1791-1867).

Faraday constant    →   Faradayeva konstanta

Faraday constant (F) is the electric charge of 1 mol of singly charged positive ions.

where N_A is Avogadro’s constant (6.022×10²³ mol^-1) and e is the elementary charge (1.602×10^-19 C).

critical temperature    →   kritična temperatura

Critical temperature is the temperature of the liquid-vapour critical point, that is, the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by an increase of pressure.