CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

Onsager relations    →   Onsagerove relacije

Onsager relations are an important set of equations in the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. They express the symmetry between the transport coefficients describing reciprocal processes in systems with a linear dependence of flux (J_i) on driving forces (X_j).

In Onsager’s theory the coupling coefficients are equal, L_ij = L_ji. This is known as reciprocal relations. The theory was developed by the Norwegian chemist Lars Onsager (1903-1976) in 1931.

soldering    →   lemljenje

Soldering is a process of joining metallic surfaces with solder without melting the base material.

solubility curve    →   krivulja topljivosti

Solubility curve is a graphic presentation of solubility change in dependence on temperature.

solvation    →   solvatacija

Solvation is the process by which solvent molecules surround and interact with solute ions or molecules.

solvent    →   otapalo

Solvent is a component of a solution which is found in a greater quantity than all other components. Solvent is a plain liquid can also be a mixture. Water is usually used as a solvent.

optical activity    →   optička aktivnost

Optical activity is the ability of a chiral molecule to rotate the plane of plane-polairzed light. Molecules of an optically active substance cannot be superimposed on their own mirror images, just as your left hand cannot be superimposed on your right when both are held palm-down.

optically active matter    →   optički aktivna tvar

Optically active matter, by polarized light passing through it, turns the flat of polarized light leftwards or rightwards.

orbital    →   orbitala

Orbital is the area in space about an atom or molecule in which the probability of finding an electron is greatest.

The possible atomic orbitals correspond to subshells of the atom. Thus there is one s-orbital for each shell (orbital quantum number l = 0). There are three p-orbitals (corresponding to the three values of l) and five d-orbitals. The shapes of orbitals depend on the value of l.

organic    →   organski

1. Organic refers to any chemical compound based on carbon (C) with the exception of some of the simple compounds of carbon, such as carbon dioxide, which are frequently classified as inorganic compounds. Additional elements that are commonly found in organic compounds are hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S).

2. Organic or organically-grown foods are grown or raised without synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth stimulators, or antibiotics and other drugs. Pests are controlled by cultivation techniques and the use of pesticides derived from natural sources and the use of natural fertilizers. In addition, organically grown foods must also be stored without the use of chemicals such as artificial additives and preservatives, and without food irradiation.

spontaneously combustible    →   samozapaljivi materijal

Spontaneously combustible materials are materials that can ignite without an external source of heat. Heat sufficient to reach the ignition temperature may be generated by reaction with oxygen in the air, by the absorption of moisture, from heat generated during processing, or even from radioactive decay.