CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

chemical compound    →   kemijski spoj

Some substance is a compound only if it can be decomposed into two or more different substances by means of a chemical reaction. If two or more substances react, thus creating a new substance, that new substance is called a chemical compound.

alkenes    →   alkeni

Alkenes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having one or more double carbon-carbon bonds in their molecules. In the systematic chemical nomenclature, alkene names end in the suffix -ene. The general formula is C_nH_(2n+2)-2x were x is the number of double bonds. Alkenes that have only one double bond form a homologous series: ethene (ethylene), CH₂=CH₂, propene, CH₃CH₂=CH₂, etc. Alkenes typically undergo addition reactions to the double bond.

alkynes    →   alkini

Alkynes (acetylenes) are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having one or more triple carbon-carbon bond. In the systematic chemical nomenclature alkyne names end in the suffix -yne. The general formula is C_nH_(2n+2)-4x were x is the number of triple bonds. Alkynes that have only one triple bond form a homologous series: ethyne (acetylene), CH≡CH, propyne, CH₃CH≡CH, etc. Like alkenes, alkynes undergo addition reaction.

amphoteric substances    →   amfoterna tvar

Amphoteric substances can behave as acids or as bases depending upon their surroundings. So aluminium hydroxide in reaction with acids will behave as a base

and in reaction with bases it will act as an acid

chemical energy    →   kemijska energija

Chemical energy is the energy stored in substances and transferred during chemical reaction.

chemical equation equalization    →   izjednačavanje kemijske jednadžbe

Chemical equation equalization is determining values of stechiometric coefficients of reactants and products in a chemical equation in a way that the number of atoms of each element is equal before and after the reaction.

chemical kinetics    →   kemijska kinetika

Chemical kinetics is an area of chemistry that studies rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions.

chemiluminescence    →   kemiluminiscencija

Chemiluminescence is energy release in form of electromagnetic radiation during a chemical reaction.

complete ionic equation    →   potpuna ionska jednadžba

Complete ionic equation is a balanced equation that describes a reaction occurring in a solution, in which all strong electrolytes are written as dissociated ions.

aromatic compounds    →   aromatski ugljikovodici

Aromatic compounds are a major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more rings, typified by benzene, which has a 6-carbon ring containing three double bonds. All the bonds in benzene (C₆H₆) are the same length intermediate between double and single C-C bonds. The properties arise because the electrons in the p-orbitals are delocalised over the ring, giving extra stabilization energy of 150 kJ/mol over the energy of Kekulé structure. Aromatic compounds are unsaturated compounds, yet they do not easily partake in addition reactions.

Historical use of the term implies a ring containing only carbon (e.g., benzene, naphthalene), but it is often generalized to include heterocyclic structures such as pyridine and thiophene.