CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

limescale    →   kamenac

Limescale (or scale) is a flaky deposit left in hot-water pipes and appliances, especially those that contain heating elements (washing machines, dishwashers, water heaters). Limescale is mainly made up of calcium and magnesium carbonate.

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meitnerium    →   meitnerij

Meitnerium was discovered by Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenber and their co-workers at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany in 1982. Named in honour of Lise Meitner (1878-1968), the Austrian physicist. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Meitnerium was produced bybombarding bismuth-209 with iron-58.

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molar enthalpy of evaporation    →   molarna entalpija isparavanja

Molar enthalpy of evaporation (Δ_l ^gH) is a change of enthalpy during evaporation divided by molarity of a liquid, and is equal to the heat energy spent when the evaporation is conducted under constant pressure, Δ_l ^gH=Q.

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differential thermal analysis    →   diferencijalna termalna analiza

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a technique that is often used to analyze materials that react or decompose at higher temperatures. The difference in temperature between the sample and an inert reference material is monitored as both are heated in a furnace. Phase transitions and chemical reactions taking place in the sample on heating cause the temperature difference to become larger, at temperatures that are characteristic of the sample.

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dissociation    →   disocijacija

Dissociation is the process by which a chemical combination breaks up into simpler constituents as a result of either added energy (dissociated by heat), or the effect of a solvent on a dissolved polar compound (electrolytic dissociation). It may occur in the gaseous, solid, or liquid state, or in a solution.

An example of dissociation is the reversible reaction of hydrogen iodide at high temperatures

The term dissociation is also applied to ionisation reactions of acids and bases in water. For example

which is often regarded as a straightforward dissociation into ions

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dubnium    →   dubnij

Dubnium was discovered by workers at the Nuclear Institute at Dubna (USSR) and by workers at the University of California, Berkeley (USA) in 1967. The origin of the name dubnium is the Joint Nuclear Institute at Dubna, Russia, an institute heavily involved in the search for heavy elements. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Dubnium was made by bombarding californium-249 with a beam of nitrogen-15 ions. There are now five known isotopes of dubnium. The longest-lived is dubnium-262, with a half-life of 34 seconds.

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elastic collision    →   elastični sudar

Elastic collision is a collision in which the total kinetic energy of the colliding bodies after collision is equal to their total kinetic energy before collision. Elastic collisions occur only if there is no conversion of kinetic energy into other forms, as in the collision of atoms. In the case of macroscopic bodies this will not be the case as some of the energy will become heat. In a collision between polyatomic molecules, some kinetic energy may be converted into vibrational and rotational energy of the molecules.

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molar quantity    →   molarna veličina

Molar quantity is often convenient to express an extensive quantity (e.g., volume, enthalpy, heat capacity, etc.) as the actual value divided by the amount of substance (number of moles). The resulting quantity is called molar volume, molar enthalpy, etc.

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monochromator    →   monokromator

Monochromator (from the Greek words mono and chroma meaning single and colour) is an optical device based on dispersion of light by one or more prisms or diffraction gratings into its constituent wavelengths, which are utilized in turn.

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nitrosoamine    →   nitrozoamin

Nitrosoamines are carcinogenic compounds that contain nitroso and amino-group in a single molecule.

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