CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

atom marking    →   markiranje atoma

Atom marking is a process of infusing radioactive isotopes in live organism, with the purpose of revealing a way, diffusion, or a role of certain substance.

becquerel    →   bekerel

Becquerel (Bq) is the SI derived unit, with a special name, for radioactivity, equal to s^-1. It describes a radioactivity of an amount of radionuclide decaying at the rate, on average, of one spontaneous nuclear transition per second. The unit was named after the French scientist Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) (disintegrations per unit time), equal to s^-1.

berkelium    →   berkelij

Berkelium was discovered by Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Glenn T. Seaborg (USA) in 1949. Named after Berkeley, a city in California, home of the University of California, USA. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Berkelium was made by bombarding americium with alpha particles.

bohrium    →   bohrij

Bohrium was discovered by Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenber and their co-workers at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany in 1981. Named in honour of Niels Bohr, the Danish physicist. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Bohrium was produced by bombarding bismuth-204 with chromium-54.

beta particle    →   beta-čestica

Beta particle is a charged particle emitted from a radioactive atomic nucleus either natural or manufactured. The energies of beta particles range from 0 MeV to 4 MeV. They carry a single charge; if this is negative, the particle is identical with an electron; if positive, it is a positron.

An unstable atomic nucleus changes into a nucleus of the same mass number but different proton number with the emission of an electron and an antineutrino (or a positron and a neutrino)

californium    →   kalifornij

Californium was discovered by Stanley G. Thompson, Kenneth Street Jr. and Albert Ghiorso (USA) in 1950. Named after the State and University of California, USA. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Powerful neutron emitter. Californium was made by bombarding curium with helium ions.

curium    →   kurij

Curium was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James and Albert Ghiorso (USA) in 1944. Named in honour of Pierre and Marie Curie. It is silvery, malleable, synthetic radioactive metal. So radioactive it glows in the dark. Curium was made by bombarding plutonium with helium ions.

Curie    →   Curie

Maria Sklodowska-Curie (1867-1934) Polish-born French chemist who went to Paris in 1891. She married the physicist Pierre Curie (1859-1906) in 1985 and soon began work on seeking radioactive elements other than uranium in pitchblende (to account for its unexpectedly high radioactivity). By 1898 she had discovered radium and polonium although it took her years to purify them. In 1903 the Curies shared the Nobel Prize for physics with Henri Becquerel, who had discovered radioactivity.

darmstadtium    →   darmstadtij

Darmstadtium was discovered by S. Hofmann et al. collaboration at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany in November 1994. The title honours the Laboratory for Heavy Ion Research (called GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, where the substance was first made. It is synthetic radioactive metal. The fusion-evaporation reaction using a ⁶²Ni beam on an isotopically enriched ²⁰⁸Pb target produced four chains of alpha-emitting nuclides following the presumed formation of ²⁶⁹110 + ¹n.

decay series    →   raspadni niz

Decay series is a series of decay in which radioactive element is decomposed in different elements until it produces one stable atom.