CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

eutectic    →   eutektik

Eutectic is a solid solution consisting of two or more substances and having the lowest freezing point of any possible mixture of these components.

Eutectic point is the lowest temperature at which the eutectic mixture can exist in a liquid phase. A liquid having the eutectic composition will freeze at a single temperature without a change of composition.

freezing    →   smrzavanje

Freezing is the change of a liquid into a solid state as the temperature decreases. For water, the freezing point is 0 °C (or 273.16 K).

isobar    →   izobara

Isobar is a line connecting points of equal pressure on a graphic representation of a physical system.

isobath    →   izobata

Isobaths are lines connecting points of equal depth in lakes and oceans. The name comes from Greek bathus meaning deep.

cryogenic fractionation    →   kriogena frakcinacija

Cryogenic fractionation is a process of separation of gases by cooling them until they enter their liquid state. Large scale gas production companies use this method to produce liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen etc. Gases have different boiling points (the temperature at which they change from liquid to gas). Oxygen has a boiling point of -183 °C, and nitrogen a boiling point of -195.8 °C. Therefore by cooling the gas mixture to -183 °C, the oxygen can be collected as liquid and the nitrogen remains its gaseous form.

Curie temperature    →   Curiejeva temperatura

For a ferromagnetic material, Curie temperature or Curie point (T_C) is the critical temperature above which the material becomes paramagnetic. For iron the Curie point is 760 °C and for nickel 356 °C. It was named after the French physicist Pierre Curie (1859-1906).

electric field    →   električno polje

If a small amount of charge experience a force, there is an electric field in the vicinity. Electric field E is defined in terms of electrostatic force F that would be exerted on positive test charge q_p placed in the field:

SI unit for electric field is N C^-1, or V m^-1.

The electric field due to a point charge q at distance r from it given by:

where ε₀ is permittivity constant, and is ε_o=8.85×10^-12 C² N^-1 m^-2.

isochore    →   izohora

Isochore is a line or surface of constant volume on a graphic representation of a physical system.

isotherm    →   izoterma

Isotherm is a line connecting points of equal temperature on a graphic representation of a physical system.

lattice    →   kristalna rešetka

Crystal lattice is a three-dimensional array of points that embodies the pattern of repetition in a crystalline solid. Don’t mix up atoms with lattice points: lattice points are infinitesimal points in space - atoms are physical objects.