CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

forging    →   kovanje

To forge means to displace metal under compression by a locally applied force, usually at hot working temperatures, which changes some mechanical properties of the metal.

fractional crystallisation    →   frakcijska kristalizacija

Fractional crystallisation is a method of separating a mixture of soluble solids by dissolving them in a suitable hot solvent and then lowering the temperature slowly. The least soluble component will crystallise out first, leaving the other components in the solution. By controlling the temperature, it is sometimes possible to remove each component in turn.

critical pressure    →   kritični tlak

Critical pressure is the pressure of a fluid in its critical point; i.e. when it is at its critical temperature and critical volume.

crucible    →   lončić za žarenje

Crucible is used for heating small amounts of solid in an oven to very high temperatures. Crucibles are usually made out of porcelain, platinum, nickel or iron.

cryogenic fluid    →   kriogenski fluid

Cryogenic fluids are used for accessing low temperatures, usually below -150 °C. Cryogenic temperatures are achieved by the rapid evaporation of volatile liquids. The most common laboratory cryogenic fluids are liquid nitrogen (-196 °C). Nitrogen gas is colorless and odorless. The cloud formed when pouring liquid nitrogen is condensed water vapour from the air, not nitrogen gas.

cryogenic fractionation    →   kriogena frakcinacija

Cryogenic fractionation is a process of separation of gases by cooling them until they enter their liquid state. Large scale gas production companies use this method to produce liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen etc. Gases have different boiling points (the temperature at which they change from liquid to gas). Oxygen has a boiling point of -183 °C, and nitrogen a boiling point of -195.8 °C. Therefore by cooling the gas mixture to -183 °C, the oxygen can be collected as liquid and the nitrogen remains its gaseous form.

freezing    →   smrzavanje

Freezing is the change of a liquid into a solid state as the temperature decreases. For water, the freezing point is 0 °C (or 273.16 K).

freezing point    →   ledište

Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid at normal atmospheric pressure.

See Melting point

gas thermometer    →   plinski termometar

Gas thermometer is a device for measuring temperature in which the working fluid is a gas.

heat of fusion    →   toplina taljenja

Heat of fusion or enthalpy of fusion is the heat required to convert a substance from the solid to the liquid state with no temperature change (also called latent heat of fusion or melting).