CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
helium → helij
Helium was discovered by Pierre Jules César Janssen (France) and Sir William Ramsay (Scotland) in 1868. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word helios meaning sun. It is light, odourless, colourless inert gas. Second most abundant element in the universe. Helium is found in natural gas deposits from wells in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. Used in balloons, deep sea diving and welding. Also used in very low temperature research.
hydration → hidratacija
Hydration is addition of water or the elements of water (i.e. H and OH) to a molecular entity. The term is also used in a more restricted sense for the process:
hydrogen → vodik
Hydrogen was discovered by Sir Henry Cavendish (England) in 1766. The origin of the name comes from the Greek words hydro and genes meaning water and generate. It is colourless, odourless gas, burns and forms explosive mixtures in air. Reacts violently with oxidants. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. Commercial quantities of hydrogen are produced by reacting superheated steam with methane or carbon. In lab work from reaction of metals with acid solutions or electrolysis. Most hydrogen is used in the production of ammonia and in metal refining. Also used as fuel in rockets. Its two heavier isotopes (deuterium and tritium) used respectively for nuclear fusion.
reaction mechanism → reakcijski mehanizam
Reaction mechanism is a list of all elementary reactions that occur in the course of an overall chemical reaction.
reactivity series → reaktivni niz
Reactivity series or activity series is a series of elements (usually metals) ranked by their reactivity degree, made for comparison of reactions of elements with other substances, e.g. acids and oxygen.
relative atomic mass → relativna atomska masa
Relative atomic mass (Ar) is the ratio of the average mass per atom of the naturally occurring form of an element to 1/12 of the mass of nuclide 12C. The term atomic weight is synonymous with the relative atomic mass.
short periods → kratke periode
Short periods are the second and third period of Periodic table of the elements. They are called short because there are only eight elements in each.
iron → željezo
Iron has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word ferrum meaning iron. It is malleable, ductile, silvery-white metal. Exposed surfaces form red-brown oxides. Forms very strong alloys (steel). Ferromagnetic. Metal dust flammable. Fourth most abundant element in the earth’s crust. Iron is obtained from iron ores. Pure metal produced in blast furnaces by layering limestone, coke and iron ore and forcing hot gasses into the bottom. This heats the coke red hot and the iron is reduced from its oxides and liquefied where it flows to the bottom. Iron is the most common metal in human society. More than 90 % of all metal refined in the world is iron. Used in steel and other alloys. It is the chief constituent of hemoglobin which carries oxygen in blood vessels. Its oxides are used in magnetic tapes and disks.
Kirchoff, Gustav → Kirchoff, Gustav
Gustav Kirchoff (1824-1887) was a German physicist who, with the chemist Robert Bunsen (1811-1899), laid the foundations of spectral analysis. He realized that the Fraunhofer lines in the Sun's spectrum were due to light from the photosphere being absorbed at those specific wavelengths by elements in the solar atmosphere. He also found that incandescent solids, liquids, and compressed gases emit a continuous spectrum. Use of the Bunsen burner in conjunction with a glass prism led to the development of the spectroscope in collaboration with the Bunsen and to the spectroscopic discovery of the elements rubidium (1860) and cesium (1861).
lanthanides → lantanoidi
Lanthanides (lanthanons, lanthanoids or rare-earth elements) are a series of fourteen elements in the periodic table, generally considered to range in proton number from cerium to lutetium inclusive. It was convenient to divide these elements into the cerium group or light earth: cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu); and the yttrium group or heavy earths: gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) i lutetium (Lu). The position of lanthanum is somewhat equivocal and, although not itself a lanthanide, it is often included with them for comparative purpose. The lanthanides are sometimes simply called the rare earths. Apart from unstable Pm, the lanthanides are actually not rare. Cerium is the 26. most abundant of all elements, 5 times as abundant as Pb. All are silvery very reactive metals.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Elementi rijetkih zemalja." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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