CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

anode    →   anoda

Anode is the electrode at which oxidation occurs in a cell. Anions migrate to the anode.

Anode is a positive electrode on which reaction of oxidation is developed (loss of electrons).

barrier film    →   barijerni film

Barrier film is a thin, continuous, non-porous, electrically insulating film on metal surfaces (usually comprised of oxides).

arginine    →   arginin

Arginine is an electrically charged amino acids with basic side chains. It is one of the least frequent amino acids. As a group the charged amino acids are important for making proteins soluble. These residues are generally located on the surface of the protein. Arginine is well designed to bind the phosphate anion, and is often found in the active centers of proteins that bind phosphorylated substrates. As a cation, arginine, as well as lysine, plays a role in maintaining the overall charge balance of a protein. Although arginine is considered an essential amino acid (it must be obtained through the diet), this is true only during the juvenile period in humans.

• Abbreviations: Arg, R
• IUPAC name: 2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
• Molecular formula: C₆H₁₄N₄O₂
• Molecular weight: 174.20 g/mol

asbestos    →   azbest

Asbestos is any one of a group of fibrous amphibole minerals (from the silicate group). It has widespread commercial uses because of its resistance to heat, chemical inertness., and high electrical resistance. Since 1970s short asbestos fibres have been recognized as a cause of asbestosis, a serious lung disorder, and mesothelioma, a fatal form of lung cancer. These concerns have limited its use and imposed many safety procedures when it is used.

aspartic acid    →   asparaginska kiselina

Aspartic acid is an electrically charged amino acids with acidic side chains. As a group the charged amino acids are relatively abundant and are generally located on the surface of the protein. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid play important roles as general acids in enzyme active centers, as well as in maintaining the solubility and ionic character of proteins. Aspartic acid (sometimes referred to as asparate depending on pH) is non-essential in mammals, being produced from oxaloacetate by transamination.

• Abbreviations: Asp, D
• IUPAC name: 2-aminobutanedioic acid
• Molecular formula: C₄H₇NO₄
• Molecular weight: 133.10 g/mol

Donnan potential    →   Donnanov potencijal

Donnan potential is the electrical potential difference between two solutions separated by an ion-exchange membrane in the absence of any current flowing through the membrane

electroanalytical chemistry    →   elektroanalitička kemija

Electroanalytical chemistry chemistry is the application of electrochemical cells and electrochemical techniques for chemical analysis. The analyte is dissolved in the electrolyte of the cell, and one can perform either qualitative analysis (determination of the type of constituents present) or quantitative analysis (determination of the amount of a given constituent).

electrode    →   elektroda

Electrode is a conductor that emits or collects electrons in a electrolytic cell

atom    →   atom

Atom is an atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element. Rutherford-Bohr’s model represents the atom as a positively charged core of a size around 10^-14 m composed of protons (positive particles) and neutrons (neutral particles) around which negatively charged electrons circle. The number of protons and electrons are equal, so the atom is an electrically a neutral particle. Diameter of the atom is about 10^-10 m.

base-centered monoclinic lattice    →   bazno centrirana monoklinska rešetka

Base-centered or side-centered or end-centered monoclinic lattice (monoclinic-C), like all lattices, has lattice points at the eight corners of the unit cell plus additional points at the centers of two parallel sides of the unit cell. It has unit cell vectors a≠b≠c, and interaxial angles α=γ=90°≠β.