CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

nobelium    →   nobelij

Nobelium was discovered by Nobel Institute of Physics in Stockholm and later by Albert Ghiorso, Torbjorn Sikkeland, J. R. Walton and Glenn T. Seaborg (USA) in 1958. Named in honour of Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist who discovered dynamite and founder of the Nobel Prizes. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Nobelium was made by bombarding curium with carbon-13.

organic    →   organski

1. Organic refers to any chemical compound based on carbon (C) with the exception of some of the simple compounds of carbon, such as carbon dioxide, which are frequently classified as inorganic compounds. Additional elements that are commonly found in organic compounds are hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S).

2. Organic or organically-grown foods are grown or raised without synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth stimulators, or antibiotics and other drugs. Pests are controlled by cultivation techniques and the use of pesticides derived from natural sources and the use of natural fertilizers. In addition, organically grown foods must also be stored without the use of chemicals such as artificial additives and preservatives, and without food irradiation.

seaborgium    →   seaborgij

Seaborgium was discovered by workers at the Nuclear Institute at Dubna (USSR) and by workers at the University of California, Berkeley (USA) in 1974. Named in honour of Glenn T. Seaborg, American nuclear chemist and Nobel prize winner. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Seaborgium was made by bombarding californium-249 with oxygen-18.

spontaneously combustible    →   samozapaljivi materijal

Spontaneously combustible materials are materials that can ignite without an external source of heat. Heat sufficient to reach the ignition temperature may be generated by reaction with oxygen in the air, by the absorption of moisture, from heat generated during processing, or even from radioactive decay.

synthetic material    →   sintetički materijal

Synthetic material (artificial material) is a substance manufactured by chemical synthesis.

transuranium element    →   trasuranski element

Transuranium elements are elements with an atomic number higher than 92 (uranium’s atomic number). Transuranium elements are unstable and occur in extremely low concentrations in nature. Most are made artificially.

polonium    →   polonij

Polonium was discovered by Marie Curie (Poland) in 1898. Named for Poland, native country of Marie Curie. It is silvery-grey, extremely rare, radioactive metal. Soluble in dilute acids. Highly toxic. Severe radiotoxicity. Carcinogen. Polonium occurs in pitchblende. Produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons. Used in industrial equipment that eliminates static electricity caused by such processes as rolling paper, wire and sheet metal.

promethium    →   prometij

Promethium was discovered by J. A. Marinsky, Lawrence Glendenin and Charles D. Coryell (USA) in 1945. Named after Prometheus in Greek mythology, who stole fire from the gods. It is rare earth metal of synthetic origin on the earth, naturally made in stars. Poison. Radiotoxic. Radioactive. Promethium does not occur naturally. Found among fission products of uranium, thorium and plutonium. It has been used as a source of radioactivity for thickness-measuring gages.

protactinium    →   protaktinij

Protactinium was discovered by Otto Hahn (Germany) and Lise Meitner (Austria) in 1917. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word protos meaning first. It is very rare, silvery-white, extremely radioactive metal. Resists alkalis; reacts with oxygen and acids. Attacked by steam. Highly radiotoxic. Protactinium is extremely toxic and must be handled with great care. Protactinium does not occur in nature. Found among fission products of uranium, thorium and plutonium.

radium    →   radij

Radium was discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie (France) in 1898. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word radius meaning ray. It is silvery-white radioactive metal. Reacts with oxygen and water. Highly radiotoxic. Carcinogen by inhalation, ingestion, or exposure. Radium is found in uranium ores at 1 part per 3 million parts uranium. Used in treating cancer because of the gamma rays it gives off.