Albert Einstein (1879-1955) is a German born American physicist, who took Swiss nationality in 1901. A year later he went to work in the Bern patent office. In 1905. he published five enormously influential papers, one on Brownian movement, one on the photoelectric effect, one on the special theory of relativity, and one on energy and inertia (which included the famous expression E = mc2). In 1915 he published the general theory of relativity, concerned mainly with gravitation. In 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize. In 1933, as a Jew, Einstein decided to remain in the USA (where he was lecturing), as Hitler had come to power. For the remainder of his life he sought a unified field theory. In 1939 he informed president Roosevelt that an atom bomb was feasible and that. Germany might be able to make one.
Einstein equation is the mass-energy relationship introduced by Albert Einstein in 1905 in the form E = mc2, where E is a quantity of energy, m its mass, and c is the speed of light. It presents the concept that energy possesses mass.
Einsteinium was discovered by Albert Ghiorso (USA) in 1952. Named in honour of Albert Einstein (1879-1955). It is synthetic radioactive metal. Einsteinium was made by bombarding uranium with neutrons.
Acheson process is an industrial process to synthesize graphite and silicon carbide (carborundum), named after its inventor the American chemist Edward Goodrich Acheson (1856-1931). In this process, a solid-state reaction between pure silica sand (SiO2) and petroleum coke (C) at very high temperature (more than 2500 °C) leads to the formation of silicon carbide under the general reaction:
While studying the effects of high temperature on carborundum, Acheson had found that silicon vaporizes at about 4150 °C, leaving behind graphitic carbon.
Americium was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Stanley G. Thompson and Albert Ghiorso (USA) in 1944. Named for the American continent. It is silvery-white, artificially produced radioactive metal. Americium was produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons. Americium-241 is currently used in smoke detectors.
Arsenic was discovered by Albertus Magnus (Germany) in 1250. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word arsenikon meaning yellow orpiment. It is steel-grey, brittle semi-metal. Resists water, acids and alkalis. Tarnishes in air, burns in oxygen. Highly toxic by inhalation or ingestion. Arsenic is found in mispickel (arsenopyrite). Many of its compounds are deadly poison and used as weed killer and rat poison. Used in semiconductors. Some compounds, called arsenides, are used in the manufacture of paints, wallpapers and ceramics.
Autocatalysis is a reaction in which its product can act as a catalyst. Oxalate oxidation with permanganate in an acid solution is a slow reaction
Mn2+-ions catalyse this reaction. When enough Mn2+-ions are created, the reaction occurs instantly.
Berkelium was discovered by Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Glenn T. Seaborg (USA) in 1949. Named after Berkeley, a city in California, home of the University of California, USA. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Berkelium was made by bombarding americium with alpha particles.
Californium was discovered by Stanley G. Thompson, Kenneth Street Jr. and Albert Ghiorso (USA) in 1950. Named after the State and University of California, USA. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Powerful neutron emitter. Californium was made by bombarding curium with helium ions.
Generalic, Eni. "Einstein%2C Albert." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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