CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

plain salt    →   jednostavna sol

Plain salt is a salt that contains only metal ions (or ammonium ions) and acid radical. It is created when all ions of hydrogen in an acid are replaced with ions of metal (or ammonium ions).

polyamide    →   poliamid

Polyamides are copolymers formed by condensation polymerization of monomers of dycarboxyl acid with a monomer of diamine, for example nylon.

primary amine    →   primarni amin

Primary amine is an amine on which there is only one alkyl group bonded, it is a weak base, and has a fish odour.

indium    →   indij

Indium was discovered by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymus Theodor Richter (Germany) in 1863. Named after the indicum (colour indigo), the colour it shows in a spectroscope. It is rare, very soft, silver-white metal. Stable in air and water. Dissolves in acids. Metal can ignite and burn. Indium is found in certain zinc ores. Used to coat high speed bearings and as an alloy that lowers the melting point of other metals. Relatively small amounts are used in dental items and in electronic semiconductors.

international system of units    →   međunarodni sustav jedinica

International System of Units (SI) is the unit system adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960 and recommended for use in all scientific and technical fields. It consists of seven base units (meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela), plus derived units and prefixes.

invert sugar    →   invertni šećer

Invert sugar is a mixture of equal parts of glucose and fructose resulting from the hydrolysis of sucrose (saccharose). The name stemming from the fact that it rotates of plane polarized light in the opposite direction of sucrose. Sucrose is dextrorotatory - it rotates polarized light clockwise ([α]_D = +66.5°). Invert sugar rotates the plane of the polarized light counterclockwise ([α]_D = -22°) due to the strongly levorotatory nature of fructose ([α]_D = -92°).

Homemade artificial honey (invert sugar syrup): Dissolve two parts of household sugar (1 kg) with stirring in one part of water (0.5 kg) in a saucepan over low heat. Add 1 g of citric acid or the juice of one lemon to the mixture. Bring the ingredients to a slow boil. It can take anywhere between 15 minutes to 1 hour. The end result is sticky, golden syrup. Let it sit at room temperature until it is cool.

ionisation    →   ionizacija

Ionisation is the process of producing ions. Certain molecules ionise in a solution; for example, acids ionise when dissolved in water.

Electron transfer also causes ionisation in certain reactions, for example sodium and chlorine react by transfer of a valence electron from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom to form the ions that constitute a sodium chloride crystal.

primary structure of proteins    →   primarna struktura proteina

Primary structure of proteins is a sequence of defined amino acids in some protein.

protein    →   bjelančevina

Proteins are natural organic compounds of animal or herbal origin, essential in diet. They are natural polymers developed from a crowd of interconnecting monomers of amino acids, with relative molecular masses amounting up to a few million.

quantum chemistry    →   kvantna kemija

Quantum chemistry is a theoretical branch of chemistry that concerns the application of quantum mechanics to chemical problems.