CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

anode    →   anoda

Anode is the electrode at which oxidation occurs in a cell. Anions migrate to the anode.

Anode is a positive electrode on which reaction of oxidation is developed (loss of electrons).

battery    →   baterija

Battery a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy. The process underlying the operation of a battery involves a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one chemical species to another. This process is carried out in two half-reactions, one that involves the loss of electrons and one that involves their gain. The battery is an electrochemical cell divided in two half-cells, and reaction proceeds when these are connected together by an electrically conducting pathway. The passage of electrons from one half-cell to the other corresponds to an electric current. Each half-cell contains an electrode in contact with the reacting species. The electrode which passes electrons into the circuit when battery discharges is called anode and is negative terminal. The electrode which receives electrons is called cathode, and is the battery’s positive terminal. The electrical circuit is completed by an electrolyte, an electrically conducting substance placed between the two electrodes which carriers a flow of charge between them. In wet cells, the electrolyte is a liquid containing dissolved ions, whose motion generates an electrical current; in dry cells the electrolyte is basely solid, for example, a solid with mobile ions or porous solid saturated with an ionic solution.

electromotive force    →   elektromotorna sila

Electromotive force (e.m.f. or E_MF) is the difference in electric potential that exists between two dissimilar electrodes immersed in the same electrolyte or otherwise connected by ionic conductors.

Faradaic reaction    →   Faradejska reakcija

Faradaic reaction is a heterogeneous charge-transfer reaction occurring at the surface of an electrode.

impedance    →   impedancija

Impedance is the analogue of the resistance or resistivity when applied to alternating current. That is, it is a measure of a material’s inability to carry the electrical current. In many materials the impedance varies as the frequency of the applied electrical potential changes, due to the properties of the conducting liquid or solid. In electrochemistry, the impedance of the electrodes is also frequency dependent.

cathode    →   katoda

Cathode is a negative electrode of an electrolytic cell to which positively charged ions (cations) migrate when a current is passed as in electroplating baths.

In a primary or secondary cell (battery or accumulator) the cathode is the electrode that spontaneously becomes negative during discharge, and form which therefore electrons emerge.

In vacuum electronic devices electrons are emitted by the cathode and flow to the anode.

cyclic voltammetry    →   ciklička voltametrija

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical measuring technique used for the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions. The potential of the working electrode is controlled (typically with a potentiostat) and the current flowing through the electrode is measured. It is a linear-weep voltammetry with the scan continued in the reverse direction at the end of the first scan. This cycle can be repeated a number of times, and is used for corrosion studies.

irreversible galvanic cell    →   nepovrativi galvanski članak

Irreversible galvanic cell is a chemical source of direct current, in which reactions that take place on the electrodes are irreversible.

ISE    →   ISE

ISE is abbreviation for ion selective electrode.

MOSFET    →   MOSFET

MOSFET (metal oxide field effect transistor) is a semiconductor device which can be used as an ion selective electrode.